医学英语词根词缀全套整合

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Suffix Meaning Example

-ac pertaining to

属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的

-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine

-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary pertaining to

belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts

starch to sugar 淀粉酶

-cle smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for

examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜

. -eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their

development and diseases 儿科学

-ine/in substance 物质insulin：substance (hormone)

produced by the islets of Langerhans

in the pancreas

胰岛素

-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of

alcohol which becomes addictive 酒

精中毒

-ist one who specializes in

精通于……的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家

. -itis

inflammation refers to a part in ……部位的炎症 rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎 -(i)um

relation to a whole; related to 与……相关 endometrium: inner lining of the uter 子宫内膜 -ive

characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing 止咳药 -let

tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴 -ment

the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature -oid

resembling; like 像 mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的 -ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in

the middle of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of

the skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that

responds to various stimuli 感受器，受

体

-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey

and some fruit 果糖

-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition

of a hidden nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also

containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核

糖体

-um structure; thing; substance 结构，物质magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）

-y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by

defective nutrition or metabolism 营

养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes Suffix Meaning Example

-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎h emocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原

始血细胞

-carcinom a malignant tumor

developing from

connective tissue 相关组织

的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor

developing from glandular tissue 腺

癌

-cele protrusion; distention突

出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出