高考同位语从句详解与习题

同位语

一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。

1. 名词作同位语

Mr. Wang, my child’s teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday.

2.短语作同位语

I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.

3. 直接引语作同位语

But now the question comes to their minds, “Did she die young because she was a clone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：“多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”

4. 句子作同位语

The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

同位语从句用法

一、同位语从句在句中的位置

1. 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。(如news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等) I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.

我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.

我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。

There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．

他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother's birthday

由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句

二、同位语从句的引导词

英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词(that，whether), 连接代词(what, who, whom, whose, which), 连接副词(how, when, where)等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）

1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）

The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.

你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（that从句作idea的同位语）

【注1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(should)+动词原形。

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

【注2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

He grabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）

The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.

他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

3.连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which引导同位语从句

I have no idea what size shoes she wears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。

I have no idea which wine is best—it’s a matter of personal taste.

我不知道哪种酒最好，这是个人口味的问题。

The question who will take his place is still not clear.

4.连接副词when, where, how, why 引导同位语从句

We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。