(完整版)小升初英语衔接班名词专项讲解及练习

小升初名词专项
一、定义
名词是表示人或事物名称的词。

它既可以表示具体的东西，也可以是表示抽象的东西
二、分类
一•名词分类专有名词
个体名词可数名词（普通名词所表示的
普通名词集体名词人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词）
物质名词不可数名词（普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，
抽象名词事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。

）二、名词的数
不可数名词没有复数形式。

可数名词有单数和复数之分，单数变复数形式变化规则如下：
1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s。

如：
（书）book —books （钢笔）pen —pens （房子）house —houses （天，日子）day —days 2.以s, ch, sh, x结尾的名词，在词尾加-es。

如：（公交车）bus —buses （玻璃）glass —glasses
（手表）watch —watches （盘，碟）dish —dishes （盒子）box —boxes
3.以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。

如：（城市）city —cities （身子，身体）body —bodies
（工厂）factory —factories等等。

（典型例子：“元音字母+y”的名词直接+s boy —boys） 4.以 f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f 或fe 改为v 再力卩-es 。

如：half —halves leaf —leaves knife —knives wife —wives 5.以o 结尾的名词分两种情况
a.有生命的：+es如：（土豆有生命）potato —potatoes （西红柿有生命）tomato —tomatoes b 无生命的：+s女口：（照片无生命）photo —photos （钢琴无生命）piano —piano
1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词
女口：John is a student stude nt是普通名词，Joh n是专有名词
普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。

2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。

3. 专有名词
专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。

名词复数的构成法
一.写出下列各单词的复数形式
1. glass _________
2. family _____________
3. wolf ___________
4. country __________
5. ____________ radio __________________
6. photo ____________
7. fox __________
8.fridge
9.bus __________ 10. box ____________ 11.watch ____________ 12.brush ___________
13.policeman ________ 14.farm ________ 15.fish _______________ 16.sandwich ___________
17. apple __________ 18.foot __________ 19.ruler _____________ 20.tooth __________
二•画横线，选出下列正确的单词或词组。

1. Do you drink much ( milk ，milks )？
2. I visited ( Jim , Jim ' S house yesterday.
3. This is ( Tom and Mary ' ,s Tom' s and Mary )' house.
4. He had two ( cup , cups ) of tea.
5. Those ( books , book ) are on the desk.
6. Look at this ( boy , boys ).
7. That ( dogs , dog ) is mine .
8. Would you like some ( bananas , banana ) ?
9. The sperm whale has 50 ( tooth , teeth ).
10. These ( shoes , shoe ) are very nice.
三.选择填空。

( )1. This is _______ room .
A . Jack and Lucy
B . Jack and Lucy ' s C. Jack ' s and Lucy D .s Jack ' s and Lucy
()2. She is a good .
A . student B. stude nts C . boy D. boys
()3. I want two
A. pencil -box B .pencil -boxes C . pencils -box D . pencils -boxes
()4. How many do you have ?
A . friend
B . friends
C . frien des
D . friend ' s
()5. These are Judy '. s
A . fish
B . fishes
C . fishs
D . fish ' s
()6. Look at those .
A . child
B . childs
C . childre n
D . childre ns
()7. He has two big .
A . eye
B . eyes C. eyees D. eye ' s
()8 . He is Jeff _ s
A . brothers
B . brother
C . brotheres
D . brother ' s
()9. —is this pen ?
—It ' s Wang Fang ' s
A. Who' s B . Whose C . Where D . Which
()10. birthday is September 5 th.
A. Her mother
B. her mother 's
C. Her mothers '
D. Her mother ' s
四.将下列表示单数的句子改成复数的句子。

1. This is a boy . _____________________________________________
2. Do you have a new rubber ? ____________________________________________
3. There is one apple in my hand . __________________________________________
4. That is her watch . ______________________________________________
5. She has a camera and umbrella. _______________________
6. There is a plane in the sky . __________________________________________
五.圈出句子中的错误并改正。

1. I don 'lik t orange juices . It is sour.()
2. There is an old books in my bag .()
3. Bananas is my favorite fruit .()
4 . They go to school on feet .()
5 . There are many photoes of my family .()
六.连词成句。

七.阅读理解。

Tom is seven. He goes to school every day . The school is near his home，so he goes there on foot and comes back home on time (按时).But today he is late . His mother asks him “ Why are you late today
“ I am in the headmaster (校长办c公室). ”
“ Why do you go to the headmaster ? ' s office
“ Because my teacher asks us a question in the class Nobody (没人) can answer it , but I can . ”
"It is good to answer the teacher . ” s question
“ But the question is who puts ink on my chair. ”
根据短文内容，回答问题。

1. Is Tom ' s home fao m his school ?
2. How does he go to school ?
3. Does Tom ofte n come back home late ?
4. Only Tom can answer the question , can ' t he
5. Is it good for Tom to do it ?
（1）.名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。

例如：food, meat, bread, tea, water,
milk, ink, oran ge, drink, rice, fish 等。

（2）.可数名词的单数前什么时候用a,什么时候用an?
答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an,
以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。

注意：我们看的是音标（或音素），而不是元音字母。

1＞选择a或an或者不填（用/来表示）
_______ pen _________ b ag ______ apple ________ big apple
1＞一般在词尾加 s ,如：books ， bags, fruits 。

力口 s 之后的读音规则: ① 清清浊浊，即清辅音后读清辅音 [s]，如books [buks] ② 浊辅音后读浊辅音 [z]，女口 bags [bAgz] ③ 元音音标后面读[z]，如boys [bRiz] ④ t 后读[ts],d 后读[dz]
女口： cats[kAts] birds[bE:dz] 请写出下列名词复数加 s 后的读音: box ----- boxes [5bRksiz]盒子 watch ----- w atches [5wRtFiz]手表 brush ----- b rushes [5brQFiz]刷子 写出下列名词的复数并写出所加 s 或es 后的音标。

glass [ ] match [ ] wish -------
[
]
3＞以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变 y 为i 再加es,读[iz];以元音字母加 如：baby ------ babies [5beibiz]婴儿 写出下列名词的复数: butterfly — sky — boy —
toy —
4＞以f 、fe 结尾的名词变 f 、fe 为ves,读[vz] 如：wolf [wulf] 狼 wolves [ ]
______ banana ________ orange ______ oran ges
________ o range pen
____ hour [hauE]小时 _________ house [haus]房子 _______ umbrella [Qm5brelE]雨伞 ______ un iversity [7ju: ni5vE:siti] 大学 ______ A[ei] ________ U[ju:] __________ H[eitF] R[a:] B[bi:] M[em] E _ chick ______ water ___ child
childre n
2＞用a/an 填空： ① Is it
Chin ese book or
En glish book?
② This is ___ r ing, and it is ____ orange ring.
③ Mary is ____ English teacher. Tom is _______ Chinese teacher.
④ This is ___ b ike. It ' s old bike. ⑤ This is ____ t elepho ne nu mber.
用a/an 填空：
①Is there _umbrella on the desk? ② There is _isla nd in the sea. ③ There is _picture on the card. ④I have _ old book.
⑤ _ a pple is a kind of fruit.
(3) .可数名词的变化规则：
一般规则：
⑥ That is ID card.
⑦ I lost my keys. It ，s set of keys. ⑧ It ' s apple, not _pear.
⑨ This is ____ peach. That 's orange. ⑩ You have _ba nana, but I have_egg.
⑥ There is __ armchair[a:mtFeE(r)] in the living room. ⑦ I ' d likeegg.
⑧ Look, there is __ b ird in the tree. ⑨ Is there_map on the wall?
⑩ There is __ ben ch[be ntF] in the park.
例：boats [] birds [] pens[ ] ducks[] dogs [ ]
chicks []
2＞以s 、x 、ch 、sh 结尾的名词加 es ，读[iz] 女口： bus - b uses [5bQsiz] 公交车 bears [] cards []
rabbits [] flowers.[ ]
y 结尾的名词直接在词尾加
s 。

写出下列名词的复数:
knife （小刀）一
5＞以o结尾的名词加es的有：hero[5hi ]英雄
Nigro [5nigrEu] 黑人tomato [tE
女口：zoo - z oos photo mei西红柿potato [pE photos
（4）名词复数的不规则变
化:
man—men 男人
woma n[ wumE n] —wome n [5wimi n]女人
tooth [tu:W] —teeth [ti:W]牙齿
foot [fut] —feet [fi:t]脚，英尺
（5）单复同形的名词有：
Chinese [5tFaini:z]中国人
Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人
sheep [Fi:p]绵羊
注意：fish①当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.
②当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.如：all kinds[kaindz] of fishes .各种各样的鱼
③当鱼肉讲时，不可数。

（6）名词修饰名词时的复数情况：
a man teacher 一个男老师'te土豆，其他的以o结尾的名词直接在词尾加s
goose [gu:s] —geese [gi:z] 鹅mouse [maus] —mice [mais] 老鼠
child [tFaild] —childre n [5tFildrE n] 孩子
deer [diE]鹿
fish [fiF]鱼
two men teachers 两个男老师
a woman teacher 一个女老师
two women teachers 两个女老师
只有当man和woman修饰名词时，前后两个名词都变复数。

其他的名词修饰名词，只把最后的名词变为复数。

如：a girl student —个女学生
two girl stude nts 两个女学生
翻译：
两个男工人 _______________ 两个女工人 ______________ 两个小孩 _________________ 3个中国人________________ 3条鱼____________________ 4只绵羊__________________ 4只鹿
写出下列句子的复数句子：5只鹅—5英尺—6颗牙齿6个女人7只脚- 7个男人
①This is my frie nd.
②That is his brother.
③Is this your sister?
④Is that her cous in?
⑤What' s this?
⑥This is an apple tree.
⑦It is an old backpack. 写出下列单词的复数形式：
bird --( ) chick —( ) )
chick-( church —( fish---( ) pencil box —(
wife （妻子）一life （生命）一
toy——( ) donkey—( )
mon key —( ) baby—( )
can dy---( ) family---( )
potato---( )tomato—( )
选择填空：
①It 's autum n[ C:tEm ], are falling(降落)down from trees
A. leaf
B. leafs
C. leaves
D. leaves
②There are five un der the tree.
A. sheep
B. sheepes
C. ships
D. sheeps
③-What are these in En glish?- ___ are stamps.[stAmp]
A. They
B. It
C. Those
(7)不可数名词的用法：
1＞不可数名词前面不能用a, an来修饰，但可以与the连用，表示特指。

2＞不可数名词不能和具体的数词(one，two，three，…等)连用。

3＞不可数名词不能用指示代词this, that, these, those来修饰，但可以用some, much来修饰。

例如：some orange
一些橘汁much water许多水
常用的不可数名词有三类，
①液体：water (水)coffee(咖啡)juice(果汁)等,例如：
a cup of water 一杯水 a bottle of juice 一瓶果汁
翻译：一杯咖啡：_________________________
一瓶牛奶：_________________________
一杯茶：___________________________
②肉类meat [mi:t]肉类，beef [bi:f]牛肉，pork[pC:k]猪肉，mutton[mQtn]羊肉等。

注意：肉类中chicken为鸡肉时不可数，为小鸡时可数(keep chicken养鸡)。

③固定用法:bread面包；rice大米，米饭；grass草；glass,当”玻璃”讲不可数：hair头发当满头白发中的几根黑发时，或满头黑发中的几根白发时可数。

weather[5weTE(r)]天气；fun有趣的事或人；advice[Ed5valz;]建议； information[ InfE meIFEn ]信息，情报
翻译：给我一些面包： ______________________________________
我喜欢吃米饭：_________________________________________
勿踏草坪(walk, on the grass): _________________________
我们度假时天气真好。

(on holiday )
玩的高兴： ____________________
给Sam 一些建议吧。

________________________________
好的/坏的消息: _________________________________
4＞不可数名词量”的表示方法：在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示量”
的概念，可以用以下两种方法：
①用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少。

例如：
There is some milk in the bottle.瓶子里有一些牛奶。

Is there any water in the glass? 杯子里有水吗？
There is too much snow and ice. 冬天有很多的雪和冰。

Linda has a lot of books. 琳达有很多书。

翻译：瓶子里有一些豆奶。

(soybean[5sCi bi:n] milk )
杯子里有茶吗？桌子上有很多菠萝和葡萄。

Daisy有很多笔记本。

（notebook）
②用a piece（bottle, glass …这f 定语表示。

例如：
a piece of paper 一张纸 a piece of bread 一片面包
a bottle of orange —瓶橘汁 a glass of milk 一杯牛奶
翻译：一条新闻（news）: ________________________
一个意见（advice[Ed5vals]） : ___________________________
一块蛋糕： ___________________________
一瓶墨水（ink）: ______________________
如果要表示两杯茶” 四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如:
two cups of tea 两杯茶four pieces of paper 四张纸three glasses of water 三杯水翻译：两瓶果汁：________________________
三张纸: ___________________________
四杯水：__________________________
5＞练习题：
选择题：
①-would you like someth ing to drink, Tara?
-Yes, I ' d skjme ______
A. san dwiches
B. hot dogs
C. water
D. bread
②The little baby has two __ already.
A.tooth
B. tooths
C. teeth
D. teeths
③Help yourself to ____ .
A. some chicke ns
B. a chicke n
C. some chicke n
D. any chicke n
④The ___ teachers have two ___ to live in.
A. woma n; room
B. wome n; rooms
C. woma n; rooms
D. wome n; room
⑤ _________________________________________ They are very thirsty. Will you please give them ?
A. some bottles of waters C.
B. some bottles of water D. 将下列词组译成英语：
①两箱书____________
②四篮子鸡蛋____________
③三副眼镜______________
④女医生们____________
⑤一条裤子____________
⑥两杯牛奶____________
⑦十滴红墨水(drop, ink ) ______________
⑧一组队员______________
⑨一块蛋糕______________
⑩两排大树______________
some bottle of water any bottle of milk。