翻译定义
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Difference Message Art Enjoyment
广告之后更精彩
优乐美
Elegant, Happy & Beautiful U.loveit U.loveme
综合各家之长: (SUM UP)
Biblioteka Baidu
翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传 达出来,以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、 促进社会文明,特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛 的目的。 Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.
(雅 )
“译事三难:信、达、雅”
See TB P17
4. CRITERIA OF TRANSLATION
Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、切); faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (信、达、 贴), Fu Lei’s (傅雷) spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit (神似)
语言敏感度
心理素质 翻译的辅助工具: 工具书 电子辞典
百科能力
政治素质 百度 在线词典
16
导学——学法指导
提高方法:
Tips:
•read more; •practice more; •think more; •discuss more
1. 翻译理论+翻译技巧+翻译实践 研究有关翻译的论述,弄懂翻译的基本问题。 ( 阅读理论著作;专题论文;翻译教材;译品的前言后语) 2. 研究译作范本 从中摸索翻译的规律和技巧,对比不同译本的处理和效果。 研究典型译例,注意翻译技巧的说明和译句的得失,为翻译 实践打好基础 3. 不断进行翻译实践 (1) 依照词语---句子---段落---语篇的顺序; (2) 选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料; (3) 难易循序渐进; (4) 译文反复修改,不断提高译文质量; (5) 选择有参考译文的文本,进行对比学习; (6) 可请别人修改或校正。
3. 按翻译材料的文体分类: 应用文体翻译 科技文体翻译 论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译 艺术文体翻译 4. 按处理方式分类:全译 节译 摘译 编译 译述
Consecutive Interpreting
Simultaneous
Interpreting
导学——学法指导
译者素养:
译者的素质:
外语素质 母语素质
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导学——参考书
参考书:
1.《英汉互译实用教程》,郭著章、李庆生 编著,武 汉大学出版社,2005年。
2.《英汉汉英翻译教程》,张春柏 编著, 高等教育 出版社,2006年。
3.《英汉翻译概要》,靳梅林 编著, 南开大学出版 社,1998年。 4.《新编汉英翻译教程》,陈宏薇 编著,上海外语教 育出版社,2004年。 5.《英汉翻译教程》,连淑能 编著,高等教育出版社, 2006年。
Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书) transmigration (化境)
• 鲁迅:翻译:一当然力求其易解,一则保存原作的丰 姿。反对牛头不对马嘴,提出“宁信而不顺”之原 则。 Criteria for beginners: • 林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美” Faithfulness • 梁实秋的“宁错务顺” Smoothness • 瞿秋白的“信顺统一” • 许渊冲的“音美、形美、意美(三美)”
语内翻译(intralingual translation) 语际翻译(interlingual translation) 2. 按活动形式分类: 笔译(translation) 口译(oral interpretation): 连续传译(consecutive I) 同声传译(simultaneous I)
THE LOSS, GAIN & CREATION
5. The Process of Translation
• A. Preparation: basic knowledge about both languages as well as the background knowledge; basic skills in translation are necessary; • B. Comprehension: understanding accurately the meaning of the source language; • C. Expression/Representation: try to express the meaning in idiomatic Chinese; • D. Revision /proofreading: check again and again to polish the language.
好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注 到另一种语言,以使译人语所属国家的本地 人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受,如同使用原 作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。(泰特 勒,1790)
Difference
“翻译是纯粹的差异游戏,翻译 总涉及差异,也掩饰差异,同时又偶 尔显露差异,甚至经常突出差异。这 样翻译本身就是这差异的活命化身。” ——布朗绍 (Blanchot) (法国翻译理论家)
To be more exact, in Nida’s & Tytler’s words:
美国翻译理论家EUGENE A. NIDA:
Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (所谓翻译,是指在译语中用最切近而又 自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先在语 义上,其次在文体上。)
• Man for the field and woman for the hearth; • Man for the sword and for the needle she. • Man with the head and woman with the heart; • Man to command and woman to obey.
1. WHAT IS TRANSLATION? (翻译的定义) The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another (从一种语言转换成另一种语言); Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language (转换成本族语或另一种语言)。 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。
尤金· 奈达(EUGENE NIDA):
“If a translator is an absolute genius, probably he doesn't need to bother, at least not too much... An adequate theory of translation can also help people to understand not merely what to do, but why certain thing can be done and should be done. A good theory of translation is important in helping people tackle new problems.” (如果译者是一个绝对的天才,他可能无需理会 理论。„„然而,适当的理论会有助于人们对翻 译问题不仅知其然,而起知其所以然。正确的翻 译理论有助于人们解决新的问题。)
ALEXANDER FRASER TYTLER:
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
THE DEFINITION IS:
Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
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CRITERIA OF TRANSLATION
Yan Fu’ s (严复) “three-character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of
Faithfulness (信)
Expressiveness (达) Elegance
SCOPE OF TRANSLATION 1.按语言分类:
in terms of languages: in terms of the mode: in terms of materials to be translated: in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation)
Difference Message
甲:这一点小意思,请务必收下。 乙:你这人真有意思,怎么也来这一套? 甲:唉,只是意思意思罢了。 乙:啊,真不好意思。 A: This is a little gift as a token of my appreciation. Please do take it. B: Oh, aren't you a bit too polite? You shouldn't do that. A: Well, it just conveys my gratitude. B: Ah, thank you then, though I really don't deserve it.
18
导学——学习网站
1. 中国翻译协会 http://www.tac-online.org.cn/tran/index.htm 2. 中国科技翻译 http://www.gotoread.com/2002/magazine/index.asp?MagID=1917 3. 译路网 http://www.translatingway.com/html/e/2006-11/10/12_47_12_734.html 4. 译商网 http://www.transbiz.com.cn/Resourcehtml/Resource413.html 5. 译龙翻译网http://www.hostran.com.cn/transtudy.asp 6. 词汇术语网 http://www.shuyu.biz/news/a1/1.htm 7. 英语之声 http://www.4english.cn/englishstudy/ch/jgmc/index2.html 8. 舍生取译网 http://ascetlan.bokee.com/