认知心理学

Chapter2

1、In prototype theories, how is an object categorized?

A) Comparing it with all the instances you remember of the categories.

B) Finding out whether a defining feature is present or not in this object.

C) Determining whether the object follows the rules that define the category

D) Comparing it with an "ideal" instance, which has all of the typical features of other instances.

2、Which of the following is NOT true for feature-based models of pattern recognition?

A. Features, as general-purpose building blocks, can help explain how humans recognize variations on a form (e.g., a cat in different poistions, or a letter in different type fonts)

B. The visual system identifies small pieces of pattern first and then combines them to form more complex wholes

C. Search tasks are generally easier if a single feature distinguishes the target from other items in the field

D. While functional and computational models have made clear the advantages of a feature-based system, we have not yet located the mechanisms in the brain that might support such a system.

3、"Bottom-up" (or "data-driven") mechanisms

A. the process by which researchers seek to develop new theories by paying close attention to the available data

B. mechanisms for which activity is influenced by thoughts provided by the individual

C. the scientific process in which all claims must be rooted in well-established biological evidence

D. mechanisms for which activity is primarily triggered and shaped by the incoming stimulus information

4、观众把篮球比赛中穿着不同服装的运动员相应地归为不同的球队，这体现了知觉组织的（）

A．对称性原则B．邻近性原则C．连续性原则D．相似性原则

5、小张去车站接一位陌生客人，他的预期会影响对这位客人的辨认。这种知觉的加工方式主要是（）

A．“全或无”加工B．颉颃加工

C．自上而下的加工D．自下而上的加工

7、下列实验中，支持知觉直接性观点的是

A．知觉恒常性实验B．三维图形知觉测验

C．透视错觉实验D．“视崖”知觉实验

Chapter3

1、The fact that people have difficulty perceiving repeated rapid changes in a scene is called

A)subliminal perception

B)hemifield neglect

C)semantic masking

D)change blindness

2、Which of the following cognitive processes or phenomena has the Stroop color-naming task been used to study?

A) encoding specificity

B) heuristics

C) automatic processing

D) explicit memory

3、When doing a dichotic listening experiment, subjects may be able to report their own name in the unattended ear. Which of the following theory can be rejected with this evidence?

A) Feature integration theory

B) Filter theory

C) Attenuation theory

D) Late selection theory.

4、A participant is shown a series of stimuli and is asked to name the color of the ink in which the stimuli are printed. The eighth stimulus happens to be printed in green ink. We should expect a relatively slow response if the stimulus happens to be:

A) the word "GREEN" printed in green

B) a series of green X's

C) the word "RED" printed in green

D) a nonword printed in green

5、Which of the following statements about "pop out" in Treisman's visual search task is true?

A) "Pop out" happens when you must combine features

B) "Pop out" needs attention and therefore takes time and capacity

C) "Pop out" is not automatic

D) Reaction time is largely independent of the number of items in the visual display

6、In Treisman's theory of feature integration, the feature combination stage:

A) all of the following answers are correct

B) requires attention

C) requires serial processing

D) has limited capacity