基本的领导方法

Chapter 8 Basic Approaches to leadership

基本的领导方法

After studying this chapter, you should be able to：学习本章

后,你应该可以

①Contrast leadership and management对比领导和管理’

②Summarize the conclusions of trait theories总结特质理论的

结论

③Describe Fiedler’s contingency model描述菲德勒的权变模式

④Explain heresy and Blanchard’s situational theory解释异

端和布兰查德的情境理论

⑤Summarize leader-member exchange theory总结-交换理论

⑥Describe the path-goal theory描述路径目标理论

⑦Identify the situational variables in the

leader-participation model

确定leader-participation模型中的情境变量

1、What’s leadership?什么是领导

①What’s the difference between leadership and management?

领导和管理之间的区别是什么?

John kotter of the Harvard Business School argues that management is about coping with complexity. Good management brings about order and consistency by drawing up formal plans,

designing rigid organization structures, and monitoring results against the plans.

Leadership, in contrast, is about coping with change

Leaders establish direction by developing a vision of the future, then they align people by communicating this vision and inspiring them to overcome hurdles.

哈佛商学院的约翰·科特认为,管理是关于应对复杂性。良好的管理带来了秩序和一致性,通过制定正式的计划,设计僵化的组织结构,以及对计划和监测结果做相比之下,领导应对其改变，领导者通过开发未来的愿景确立方向，然后他们使人们通过沟通这一愿景，鼓励他们克服障碍

②The definition of leadership领导的定义

We define leadership as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals

我们领导定义为能够影响一个群体朝着实现一个愿景或一组目标的能力。

③One last comment before we move on: Organizations need strong

leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness. In today’s dynamic world, we need leaders to challenge the status quo, to create visions of the future, and to inspire

organizational members to want to achieve the visions. We also need managers to formulate detailed plans, create efficient organizational structures, and oversee day-today operations.

③最后一个意见之前，我们继续前进：企业需要强有力的领导和强有力的管理以达到最佳效果。在当今不断变化的世界，我们需要领导者挑战现状，创造未来的愿景，并激发组织成员要实现的愿景。我们还需要管理者制定详细计划，建立高效的组织结构，并监督日常业务。

2、Trait theories特质理论

Trait theories of leadership differentiate leaders from non leaders by focusing on personal qualities and characteristics.领导特质理论；领导人通过专注于个人品质和特征来区分是否能成为领导人

Leaders who are extraverted (individuals who like being around people and are able to assert themselves), conscientious (individuals who are disciplined and keep commitments they make), ambition and energy, and open (individuals who are creative and flexible ) do seem to have an advantage when it comes to leadership, suggesting that good leaders do have key traits in common领导人是外向的(个人喜欢被周围的人肯定自己),认真的(个人自律,保持他们做出的承诺),有抱负和有能量的以及开放