汉英翻译课件之 句子翻译之主语确定

2 重新确定主语 由于中国人和英美人的思维方式和语言习惯存在较 大差异，汉语主语并非总能完全对应地转换英语 中。 在许多情况下，我们需要重新选择和确定主语，以 保证译文行文流畅，语言自然地道。
鲁迅的骨头是最硬的，他没有丝毫的奴颜媚骨。 --Lu Hsun’s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness. --Lu Xun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy and obsequiousness.
句子翻译
之 主语确定
汉语句子中主语可由不同类型的词语充当，主语隐 含或无主语的情况时有发生。 例如： 校门口今天停满了小汽车。 星期天下大雨。 每隔两个铺面就是一条仿宋标语。 在桌子上有两本字典。 空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。 必须对党员，特别是领导干部要严格要求，严格 管理，严格监督。 起大风了。
我们之间关系的发展使我们不仅成为亲密的朋 友，而且成为兄弟。--The development of our relations has made us not only close friends but also brothers. Our relations have so grown that they bind us not only as close friends but also as brothers.
汉译英时主语确定
1 以原文主语作为译文主语； 当汉语原文有明确的主语，而且该主语由名词 或主格人称代词充当时，我们可以以原主语 作为英译文的主语。
我们的房子是十年前建造的。---Our house 我们的房子 was built over ten years ago. 如果不适当处理，锅炉及机动车排出的废气 废气就 废气 会造成城市空气污染。--Exhaust from boiler and vehicles, unless properly treated, may cause air pollution in cities. 假日里，青年人成双成对漫步在公园里。--The young people in pairs and couples rambled about the park on holidays.
3增补主语 汉语中主语隐含不显或无主语的情况时常可见。译 者必须依照英语的语法规则将主语增补起来。
?用劳动实现自己的理想，?用理想指导自己的劳动。 --You realize your ideals through hard work, and you guide your work by ideals. 那肥大的荷叶下面，有一个人的脸，下半截身子长在 水里，那不是水生吗？?又往左右看去，不久，个 人就找到了个人丈夫的脸，啊，原来是他们。--Not far away under a broad lotus leaf they saw a man’s head—the rest of him was submerged. It was Shuisheng. Looking right and left, each soon discovered her husband—so this was where they are. 端午节?吃粽子—On the Dragon Boat Festival, people eat Zongzi (pyramid-shaped dumplings made of glutinous rice).
基于丝绸之路带来的灵感，我们的火炬接力，将途径 希腊，埃及，美索不达米亚，波斯，印度和中国， 这些都以共享和平，共享奥运为主题。 With a concept inspired by the Silk Road, our Torch relay will travel through Greece, Egypt, Rome, Mesopotamia, Persia, India and China, carrying the message “Share the peace, Share the Olympics”. 我们每个人都知道，大气污染不仅影响了环境，而且 严重损害了人的健康，大大缩短了人的寿命。 Everyone of us knows that air pollution does more than affect our environment; it cripples and shortens the lives of human beings.
表示时间、天气等自然现象的无主句，借用英语习惯 使用的it来翻译，如： 都九点钟了，他还没有来。 It is already 9 o’clock, and he has not shown up. 下雨了，咱们快走吧。 It is raining now. let’s get going. 起大风了。 It is blowing hard.
中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。 The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any countries. A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any countries. 楼的质量不好。 The quality of the building is poor. The building is not well built.
世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 ---At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ---The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. 胎又瘪了。 --the tire turns flat again. ---we have got another flat tire.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
我们相互支持，平等互利，讲求实效，形式多样，共 同发展，这些方面都取得了举世瞩目的成就。 We have been supporting each other in our pursuit for common development on the basis of equality and mutual benefit and have taken pragmatic approaches in various forms; and our achievements have attracted world attention. 公园里设有专门的英语角，老老少少会定期聚在一起 操练。 In public parks there are special English corners where English learners, old and young, gather at regular time to practice their oral English.
改革开放胆子要大一些，要敢于试验。 We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments in our reform and opening-up efforts. 沉默呵，沉默呵！不再沉默中爆发，就在沉默 中灭亡。 --Silence, silence! Unless we burst out, we shall perish in this silence.
大家知道，中国在2005年成功发射了一枚新型导弹。 As is known to us, 2005 saw the successful launching of China’s new-type missile. 中国在四千年前就发明了指南针。 The compass was invested in China four thousand years ago. 深圳经济特区正在采取措施抑制房地产投机热。 Officials in Shenzhen’s Special Economic Zone are taking steps to cool a frenzy of property speculation.
空旷的山野上荡起了她甜甜的笑声。 ---In the wilderness, her sweet sounds of laughter rose and fell like waves. 她从来没有想到他是个不道德的人。 --It never occurs to her that he was an immoral man. 他只要听到几句恭维的话就会得意忘形。 A little flattery would get him carried away.
用泛指的人称代词we,you, one, anyone等充当 主语。 活到老，学到老。 One is never too old to learn. 知己知彼，百战不殆。 Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 不承认这一定律，就不是物理学家。 Anyone who does not recognize this law is not a physicist.
你的教学和科研都取得了长足的进步，但不能因此而骄傲 自满。 You have made god progress in teaching and research, but you should not get conceited and arrogant. 委员们的意见有分歧。 The committee are divided in their opinions. 那无赖什么都干得出来。 Anything is possible with that rascal. 我们南京还在吸引外资企业进行老企业技术改造，房地产 我们南京 开发等方面制定了一系列优惠政策。 We have also formulated a series of preferential policies to absorb foreign capitals in such fields as technical renovation of old enterprises, and real estate development in Nanjing.
英语句子则主语突出，易于识别，且只能由名词或名 只能由名词或名 词性词语或主格人称代词充当。 词性词语或主格人称代词充当。 在英语里，除祈使句 祈使句等外，句子必须要有主语 句子必须要有主语，否则 祈使句 句子必须要有主语 就不成句子。 We must be courageous enough to venture on experiments as far as reforms are concerned. Despite the serious damage in flooding, China deserves a lot credit for the nationwide efforts to deal with flooding. The first and basic experience gained in our financial work over the last years was that it is correct to secure supplies through economic growth.