超导现象-英汉双语

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Superconductivity

超导现象

One of the earliest properties investigated in the laboratories at Leiden was the resistance of metal wires. It was measured by finding the voltage, or potential difference, between the ends of a wire when a known current was flowing through it. Whenever the current is doubled, the voltage is also doubled according to Ohm's law, and the resistance is voltage over current (R=v/c). With some metals such as copper, iron and platinum, the resistance dropped smoothly down with falling temperature, until at 40°K it was only perhaps a hundredth of its value at 0℃. With others, notably lead, mercury and tin, there was a temperature, different for each one but well below 20°K, at which the resistance dropped to nothing at all. A hundredth of a degree above this critical temperature the resistance was normal, like those of copper, iron and platinum; but a hundredth of a degree below, it was zero or too small to measure.

参考译文:金属丝的电阻是莱顿实验室最早研究的金属特性之一。测量方法是在已知电流流过导线时,测算导线两端之间的电压或电位差。根据欧姆定律,当电流增加一倍时,电压也会成倍增加,因为电阻是电压除以电流所得值(R=v/c)。像铜、铁和铂这类金属,随着温度降低,其电阻也平稳降低,到开氏四十度时,其电阻也许只有摄氏零度时电阻值的一百分之一。就别的金属而言,主要是铅、水银和锡,当它达到某一温度时,其电阻下降为零。这个温度对于上述三种不同的金属,各不相同,但都大大低于开氏二十度。比这个临界温度高出百分之一度时电阻是正常的,就像铜、铁和铂的电阻一样;但若比临界温度低于百分之一度,电阻下降为零或者小到无法测量。

参考译文:在莱顿实验室研究的最早的一个特性是金属线电阻。根据已知电流流经电线两端的电压和电位差来测量电阻。当电流加倍时,根据欧姆定律,电压也加倍。电阻值等于电压除以电流(R=v/c)。铜、铁和铂等金属的电阻随温度的下降而稳定下降,直到40 °K。其值在0℃时为百分之一。特别是铅、汞和锡等其他金属,在同一温度下,电阻值是各不相同的。但在20ºK以下时,在这一温度下,电阻力完全消失。若在这个临界温度以上的百分之一度时,电阻正常,

就像铜、铁和铂那样。但是,在这个临界温度以下的百分之一度时,无论是零,还是小于零,都无法测量。

参考译文:金属线的电阻是莱顿实验室最早的研究对象之一,而通过测量电流流经导线始端和未端的电压差或电位差就可以计算该金属线的电阻值。根据欧姆定律,电压除以电流即等于电阻(R = v / c),如果电流量翻倍,电压也随之翻倍。对于某些金属,如铜、铁和铂,电阻随着温度的降低而平稳下降,在400K 时,这些金属的电阻值仅为其在0℃时的百分之一。其他金属,特别是铅、汞和锡,在不同温度下电阻值各不相同,但如果温度低到200K时,这些金属的电阻值几乎为零。在温度高于临界温度的百分之一度时,铜、铁和铂这些金属的电阻呈现正常值;但是低于临界温度百分之一度时,电阻值几乎为零或者小到无法测量。

The excitement, agitation and checking of instruments in these sober Dutch laboratories can only be imagined, but eventually everyone was satisfied and the superconductivity (of mercury) was published as an observed fact in 1912. This result was no freak. It was small as 10^-17 ohms would have been detected, but it was not there. Nor were tin, lead and mercury freak metals. Twenty-two super conducting metals are now known, as well as numerous alloys and compounds such as certain nitrides and carbides.

参考译文:这些审慎的荷兰实验室工作人员的喜悦激动之情以及他们对仪器的检测之细无人知晓,但最终大家都很满意,汞的超导性也在1912年作为实测结论予以公布。这项结果并非偶然和反常现象。这种实验以后又重做了,并再次核实,到1962年,电阻即使小到10^-17都可以测出,但还是没有测到(任何电阻)。锡、铅和汞并非反常金属。目前已知有22种超导金属,以及许多合金和化合物,如某些氮化物和碳化物。

参考译文:人们只能想象(研究人员)在这些严肃的荷兰实验室里的兴奋、激动和检查仪器的场景,但是,最终每个人都感到满意,水银的超导性在1912年被作为一个观察到的事实公布于世。这一研究结果并不奇怪。它很小,是作为

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