名词性从句的句法功能(讲义)-最新教育文档

1. 掌握名词性从句的分类及各自的句法功能。

2. 初步了解主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

重点：名词性从句的分类及判定。

难点：同位语从句与定语从句的辨析。

1. 作为三大从句之一，名词性从句是高中英语中需要重点掌握的知识，也是高考考查的重点。

在高考试题中对名词性从句的考查非常频繁，而且出现多年连续考查的情况。

2. 在近年的高考试题中，涉及名词性从句的题目突出了对what, that, whatever等引导词的考查，从考查形式来看，试题的设置也越来越灵活，越来越新颖多样：其一，把两种名词性从句融合在一起考查；其二，与状语从句或强调句型结合起来考查；其三，名词性从句与it 作形式主语、形式宾语相结合的考查。

What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信, 由于地球上长期有水存在, 使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。

本句包含两个名词性从句，一是由what引导的主语从句，在从句中作believe的宾语；二是由that引导的表语从句。

此句还可转换为：Many scientists believe that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (宾语从句)It is believed by scientists that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (主语从句)名词性从句：具有名词作用的从句。

包含：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。

Who will attend the meeting has not been decided. （主语从句）No one knows who will attend the meeting. （宾语从句）My question is who will attend the meeting. （表语从句）The question who will attend the meeting remains to be discussed. （同位语从句）主语从句（1）What it was to become was uncertain until between 4. 5 and 3. 8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.地球会变成什么（样子），直到45亿至38亿年前这个云团变成一个固体的球状物，才确定下来。

（2）The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。

（3）What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.更重要的是，随着地球的冷却，地球的表面就开始出现了水。

（4）It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。

（5）Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.为什么他们突然消失了，至今还是个谜。

（6）So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.所以, 在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

主语从句：在主从复合句中，位于谓语动词之前充当句子主语的从句即为主语从句，主语从句一般位于句首，放在谓语动作之前。

如：What surprised me most was so few people attending the meeting.最使我吃惊的是参加会议的人这么少。

That he was late for the class again made the teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这使老师很生气。

有时，主语从句作主语，而谓语部分较短，会使句子结构显得头重脚轻，所以常用it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句放到后面去，如：That you should learn some new words by heart is important in learning a foreign language.背单词对学习外语来说很重要。

=It is important in learning a foreign language that you should learn some new words by heart.When we will start for the trip hasn’t been decided.我们什么时候出行尚未决定。

It doesn’t matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.A. whetherB. howC. ifD. when答案：A思路分析：本题考查名词性从句的引导词。

句意为“在这个十字路口你向左或右转弯都没有关系，因为两条路都通向公园”。

题干中it作形式主语，所以所选的连词在句中引导主语从句。

whether引导名词性从句表示“是否”之意,而且题干中出现了关键信息词or。

whether...or...表示“是……还是……”。

if引导名词性从句也表示“是否”，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等只能用whether而不能用if。

宾语从句1. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London.奥利弗相信一个拥有一张百万英镑钞票的人可以在伦敦生存一个月。

2. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.他叫亨利·亚当斯，一个美国商人，在伦敦迷了路，不知道该怎么办。

3. I wonder, Mr. Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.亚当斯先生，不知你是否介意我们问你几个问题。

4. May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are?可不可以问问，你在这个国家要干点什么？你的计划又是什么呢？5. Well, I can’t say that I have any plans.嗯，谈不上有什么计划。

6. I didn’t know whether I could survive until morning.我不知道是否能活到早晨。

7. I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.对不起，先生，你的话我没有听懂。

宾语从句：在主从复合句中，位于及物动词、介词以及情感形容词之后充当宾语的从句。

如：He said (that) he would come to see me the next day.他说第二天会来看我的。

I don’t agree with what you said.我不同意你说的话。

I’m sorry that I didn’t take part in the party yesterday.我很抱歉昨天没有参加聚会。

I think it necessary that we should save some money for old age.我认为我们有必要储备一些钱来防老。

I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.It is not always easy for the public to see ________ use a new invention can be of to human life.A. whoseB. whatC. whichD. that答案：B思路分析：本题考查连接词的用法。

句意：对公众来说，并不总是很容易知道一项新发明对人类的生活有什么用处。

根据结构可知，本题考查宾语从句，what “什么”表示泛指；which “哪一个”，表示特指，根据句意B 项正确。

表语从句1. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.我是作为一个不拿工资的帮手赚来我的船费的，这就是我为什么会衣冠不整的原因了。

2. That ’s why we ’ve given you the letter.这正是我们给你这封信的原因。

表语从句：在主从复合句中，位于be 动词之后充当表语的从句，称之为表语从句，如： My hope is that I will be another Einstein some day.但愿有一天我会成为另一个爱因斯坦。

His suggestion was that we should ask the teacher for help.I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _________ he never finishes anything.A. thatB. whenC. whereD. why答案：D思路分析：句意：我觉得与其说他是个实干家倒不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来不会完成任何事情的原因。