省略句练习题1

省略句

为了避免重复，将句子中的一个或几个成分省去，这种语法现像叫省略。

1．简单句中的省略

(1) 省略主语和谓语

(I)Thank you for your help. （习惯用语）

(This is)Tom speaking. （打电话用语）

----How are you?

----(I’m )Fine, thank you.

(2) There be 句型中

(Is there) anything else to follow?

还要别的东西吗？

(3) 感叹句根据上下文的省略

How beautiful (it is)!

(4) 名词所有格后的名词，如果是表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上下文已经暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常省略。

I’m going to the doctor’s (clinic).

我要去诊所。

He is going to the teacher’s (office).

他要去老师的办公室。

At her mother’s (house) she passed many happy days.

她在母亲家度过了许多幸福的日子。

(5) 介词的省略

例如：have difficulty /trouble(in)doing sth.,

prevent/stop…(from) doing sth. 结构中省略介词。

(6)不定式的省略

①不定式符号to的保留，而只省动词，有些动词后跟不定式作宾语时，可将其动词省略，而保留to，这样的动词常见的有：want, wish, expect, hope, like, love, try ,forget, mean, be going to, be about to, be supposed to 等。

--- Will you go with me?

--- Yes,I’d like to (go with you).

--- Would you like to pass the exam?

--- I hope to (pass the exam).

②如果做宾语的不定式是be动词或完成时态，则须在to后加上be或have。

—Are you a doctor?

—No, but I want to be.

—He hasn’t finished his homework.

—He ought to have.

③两个或两个以上不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的省略to。

My job is to look after the children and teach them English.

但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不能省略。

To be for the plan or to be against it doesn’t mat

赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。

④当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省略。

What he wants to do is go home.

⑤感官动词和使役动词后面作宾补的不定式要省略to（help后的to可要可不要）。

⑥介词but前面有动词do，后面的不定式省to。

He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.

他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。

2．并列句中的省略

并列句中后面分句与前面分句相同部分常被省略。

They don’t agree with you, neither do I.

他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。

She was poor but(she was) honest.

她贫穷但很诚实。

3．复合句中的省略

(1) 宾语从句中的省略

①以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。

You are unhappy. Can you tell me why?

②在I’m afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess 等作答句，后面常用省略形式。

--- Do you think it will rain?

--- I guess so.

常用表达

I hope so. 我希望这样。

I hope not 我不希望这样。

I’m afraid so/not.我恐怕如此/不如此。

I think/believe/guess/expect/imagine/suppose so.

我认为/相信/猜/希望/想象/认为这样.

I don’t think/believe/guess/expect/imagine/suppose so.

= I think/believe/guess/expect/imagine/suppose not.

我认为不这样。

③在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可省略。 He told me (that) she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.

(2) 定语从句中的省略

①在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom可省略。

He is one of the man (whom) I can trust.

他是我信任的人之一。

②修饰way或reason的关系副词that(=in which)或why可以省略。

This is the way (that/in which) he studies.

这就是他学习的方法。

I want to know the reason(why) he was late.

我想知道他迟到的原因。

③在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。

He gave the same answer as(he had given) before.

(3) 状语从句中的省略

①在时间、地点、条件、方式、或让步状语从句中，如果其主要和主句的主语一致，且从句中谓语动词包含be或从句的主语是it，常把从句的主语和be省略。

Unless(it is) necessary , you’d better not refer to the dictionary.

除非有必要，你最好别查字典。

Be careful when（you are）crossing the street.

过马路时要小心车辆。