英语人教版九年级全册状语从句

状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词，形容词，副词等。状语从句放在主句之前，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等九种。

状语从句定义及分类

状语从句就是用不同的连接词将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间特定的逻辑关系。

（一）时间状语从句

1、时间状语从句常用连词有when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardly...when, scarcely…when, no sooner ... than, the moment, the instant等。

2、时间/条件状语从句一般不用将来时，因此，主句若为将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时。

eg. I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.

3、连词when, while和as都表示“当…的时候”，

when 后接时间点或时间段，表“当…时候”；还可表示“这时，忽然”（用在句型中）及“既然”

while 后只可接时间段，表“当…时候”；还可表示“而，然而”

as 引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，译为“一边…一边”

eg. While/when I was reading, he came in.

When he came in, we were having a meeting

As he walked along the street, he sang happily.

4、till或until表示“一直到…时”，主句和从句都用肯定式，主句用延续性动词；表示“直到…才…”时，主句用否定式，用终止性动词，从句用肯定式。till不能置于句首。

e.g He worked till/ until it was dark.

He did not get up till/ until his mother came in.

注意till / until在表达方式和意义上的特殊性：until是till的强调形式，但是它们表达的意义是相同的，都表示“直到某时”。不过，当主句是否定句时，它引出的意思是“直到（某时）（某动作）才（发生）”，这时候常会出现“not until …”的结构，如果将“not until …”的结构放在句首，那么主句要写成倒装句。例如：

He didn’t go to sleep until 12 last night .

他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。

They didn’t realize their fault till we pointed it out to them .

直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。

Not until we pointed out their fault to them did they realize it .

直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。

但是，当主句是肯定句时，它引出的意思是“直到（某时某动作停止了）”。例如：

The students made much noise till the teacher came into the classroom .

直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。

另外，until 可以放在句首而till则不行。

5、as soon as, the instant和the moment/ the minute/ the second引导的从句表示“一…就…”；no sooner...than, hardly...when, scarcely...when引导的从句表示“刚…就…”，主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，而且当此短语置于句首时，主句应半倒装。

e.g. I recognized her the instant I saw her.

Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a noise.

5、before & since

①若表达“还未…就…”“不到…就…”“…才…”“趁，还没来得及”时，用before, 从句中谓语不用否定式。

eg. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.

We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.

Please write it down before you forget it.

Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.

②It + be + 时间段+ before …“多久之后才…”

It + be +not + 时间段+ before …“没多久就…”

e.g. It will be half a year before I come back.

It wasn’t long before we met again.

③since从句的谓语动词一般是终止性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或表示反复发生过的动作。从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

e.g. I have written home four times since I came here.

④It + be+ 时间段+ since +一般过去时延续性动词（反义

过去完成时终止性动词（直译）

eg. It is 3 years since she was my wife.

It is 3 years since she became my wife.

Her mother said it was 12 years since her father had died.

He said it was 2 weeks since he had smoked.

（二）原因状语从句

常用because, since, as, for, now that等引导。

because 强调从句, 表直接的因果关系侧重回答“为什么”

as 主从句并重，较口语化，用得较普遍

since 侧重主句, 从句所表示的只是显然的或已知的理由,“既然”

now that “既然”,和since的意义和用法相同, that可省, 用来表示一种新的情况, 再来加以推论。

for 语气最弱，不能置于句首，表补充说明的或推测的理由( 并列句）