国际贸易、运输、保险术语解释

国际贸易、运输、保险术语解释
I——K
I
Igloos Pallets and containers used in air transportation;
the igloo shape fits the internal wall contours of a
narrow-body airplane
空运集装箱，空运集装容器。

能适合飞机狭窄机身内墙形状、
由于空运的托盘和集装箱
Immediate exit. In the U.S., Customs IE Form is used when goods
are brought into the U.S. and are to be
immediately re-exported without being
transported within the U.S.
转口，转口单。

在美国海关，转口单用于货物进口后又
立即复出口，不在美国境内停留的业务。

Immediate exportation An entry that allows foreign merchandise arriving
at one port to be exported from the same port
without the payment of duty.
转口港口，转口通道。

一个允许国外货物到达并从原地复
出口、不征收税费的地方
Immediate transport The document (prepared by the carrier) allows
shipment to proceed from the port of entry to
Customs clearing at the destination. The shipment
clears Customs at its final destination. Also called an
“In-transit Entry”
监管运输关封，海关监管运输证明。

允许货物从进口港继续
运输到清关目的地的文件（由承运人办理）。

货物在目的地最
后清关。

也称“保税运输通关”
Import licence A document required and issued by some
national govenments authorizing the importation
of goods. 进口许可证。

由政府部门规定并签发的批准
进口货物的文件）
Import Permit Usually required for items that might affect the
public health, morals, animal life, vegetation, etc.
Examples include foodstuffs, feedstuffs,
pharmaceuticals (human and veterinary),
medical equipment, seeds, plants and various
written material (including tapes, cassettes,
movies, TV tapes or TV movies). In some
countries an import permit is the same as an
import licence.
进口许可。

对进口那些可能影响健康、人们道德观、动植
物安全的货物物，要求有进口许可。

它包括了：食品、饲
料、药品（人、畜）、医疗设备、种子、植物和作品（包
括：磁带、电影、电视剧）。

在一些国家进口许可等同于
进口许可证
In bond Cargo moving under Customs control where duty
has not yet been paid
海关监管(货物)，未完税(货物)。

海关控制的未完税货物In gate The transaction or interchange that occurs at the
time a container is received by a rail terminal or
water port from another carrier
集装箱转运港内(站内)交接。

承运人从另一个承运人接收转
运货物的内部交接或交易，发生在海运码头或铁路货栈内Inbound Inward bound. Direction of vessel or cargo going to
port of discharge or final destination.
向内，向目的地（港）的。

指船舶或货物向卸货港或目的
地运行的方向
Indemnity bond An agreement to hold a carrier harmless with
regard to liability
担保书，保赔书。

保证船舶免除责任的协议Independent action The right of a conference member to publish a
rate or tariff rule that departs from the
Agreement’s common rate or rule.
独立（单独）定价、个别调价权。

航运公会（协会）成
员在协定费规以外自行发布费规的权力Inducement Placing a port on a vessel’s itinerary because the
volume of cargo offered at that port justifies the
cost of routing the vessel
中间/中途挂靠港提供的货物（运费收入）可以调节航线成本Inland Bill of Lading The carriage contract used in transport from a
shipping point overland to the exporter’s
international carrier location
内陆提单，内运提单。

用于从内陆货运点到出口商外贸运
输工具所在地运输的运输合同(提单)
Inland carrier A transportation carrier who hauls export or
import traffic between ports and inland points
内陆航线承运人。

在内陆点和(国内)港口之间承运进出口
货物的承运人
Inland clearance depot A CFS with Customs Clearance Facilities
有海关监管资质的集装箱场
Inspection certificate A certificate issued by an independent agent or
firm attesting to the quality and/or quantity of the
merchandise being shipped.Such a certificate is
usually required in a letter of credit for
commodity shipments.
检查证书，品质、重量检验证书。

由独立公司或代理签
发的用于证明已装船货物品质和/或数量的证明书。

信用
证通常要求这种货物证明
Insulated container A container insulated on the walls, roof, and
doors, to reduce the effect of extermal
temperatures on the cargo
保温集装箱。

一种内壁四周都有隔热层，以减少温度对货
物的影响的集装箱
Insulated container tank The frame of a container constructed to hold one
or more thermally insulated tanks for liquids
隔热罐装集装箱。

涂有一种或多种隔热层，装运液体的
集装箱
Insurance, all-risk This type of insurance offers the shipper the
broadest coverage available, covering against
all losses that may occur in transit
平安险，一切险。

这种保险为发货人提供尽可能宽的保
险项目，承保了所有运输中可能的风险
Insurance Certificate A document issued to the consignee to certify that
insurance is provided to cover loss of or damage
to the cargo while in transit
保险证明书，保险保证书。

签发给收货人、证明已为运输
中货物的灭失或损失提供了保险的证明文件
Intanken piled fathom (Timer Trade)
（木材交易）装船英丈＝216立方英尺，造纸木材运费单位Interchange Transfer of a container from one party to another
相互交接(集装箱)。

集装箱从一方转到另一方的交接Intercoastal Water service between two coasts; in the U.S., this
usually refers to water service between the
Altantic and Pacific or Gulf Coasts
海峡间航线，海峡间运输服务。

海峡之间的水上运输服务。

在美国通常是指大西洋沿线到太平洋沿线或墨西哥湾沿
线之间航线
Intercoastal Waterway Bays, rivers and canals along the coasts (such
as the Atlantic And Gulf of Mexico coasts),
connected so that vessels may travel without
going into the sea
沿海水道。

沿海的海湾、河流和运河（如象：大西洋水
道和墨西哥湾），这些水道相互连接，可以使船舶航行
而不用进入海洋
Interior point intermodel “inland Point Intermodal”Refers to inland
Points (non-ports) that can be served by carriers on
a through bill of lading.
内陆共通点多式联运，内陆共通点，指承运人用于联运提单
上的内陆(不是港口)货物转运点
Interline freight Freight moving from origin to destination over
the Freight lines of two or more transportation
carriers
全程分段运输，联合运输。

从起运地到目的地通过两个或
两个以上的承运人的运输
Intermodal Movements of cargoes or containers between
motor,rail or water carriers.
联合运输，多式联运。

交替使用水陆运输工具运输集装箱
或货物的运输方式
Intermodal Transport Intermodal Transport refers to the movement of
goods (containers) in one and the same loading
unit or vehicle which uses successively several
modes of transport without handling of the goods
themselves in changing modes.
多式联运是指连续使用几种运输方式运送装于一个容器或
卡车内/上的货物（或集装箱），在转换运输方式时无需直
接操作货物本身（只进行容器或运载工具地操作）International Codes for Trade Terms (Incoterms)
Incoterms are a set of uniform rules codifying the
interpretation of trade terms defining the rights
and obligation of both buyer and seller in an
international transaction, thereby enabling an
otherwise complex basis for a sale contract to be
accomplished in three letters. Incoterms are
drafted by the International Chamber of
Commerce.
《国际贸易术语解释通则》是一套明确规定了买卖双方在
贸易中的权力和义务的统一贸易条款，使得原来复杂的合
同条款可以用三个字表示。

《通则》由国际商会发布International Maritime Consultative Organization
(or: Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative
Organization) 政府间海事协商组织（新名：IMO）
A forum in which most major maritime nations
participate and through which recommendations
for the carriage of dangerous goods, bulk
commodities, and maritime regulations become
internationally acceptable.
国际海事组织。

一个由主要航运国家参与的组织，通过该
组织关于危险货物、散杂货的承运事宜以及航运规则被提
出和被国际上采纳。

International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
The regulations published by IMO for transporting
hazardous materials internationally.
《国际海上危险货物运输规则》简称《国际危规》。

由国际海事组织发布的关于运输有害/危险物资的规定International Maritime Organization (IMO)
United Nations agency concerned with safety at
sea. Its work includes codes and rules relating to
tonnage measurement of vessels, load lines,
pollution and the carriage of dangerous goods. Its
previous name was the Inter-Government
Maritime Consultative Organization(IMCO)
国际海事组织（在英国）。

联合国海上安全机构。

它的工
作包括了涉及船舶吨位、载重线、水污染和危险货物运输
的规则和编码（制定）工作。

它以前的名称是政府间海
事协商组织
International Standard Organization （ISO）
or: “International Organization or Standardization”
ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies from some 130 countries, one from each
country. It is a non-governmental organization
established in 1947 to promote the development of
standardization facilitating international trade and
deal in standards of all sorts, ranging from
documentation to equipment packaging and labeling.
ISO’s work results in international agreements which
are published as International Standards.
国际标准化组织，是一个由130个国家标准组织参加的国际
化组织，是1947年建立的非政府组织，致力于推动国际贸
易标准化发展。

它制定各种标准，范围从文件到设备包装和
标识。

它的工作成果是国际间协定发布的“国际标准”Invoice A detailed statement showing goods sold or
shipped and amounts for each. The invoice is
prepared by the seller and acts as the document
that the buyer will use to make payment
发票，发货单。

一份分别详细标明已出售或已装运货物及
其数量（金额）的说明文件。

发票/发货单由卖方提供并
作为买方用来支付货款的文件(凭据)
Inward foreign manifest A complete listing of all cargo entering the
country of discharge. Required at all world ports
and is the primary source of cargo control,
against which duty is assessed by the receiving
country
进口货物装载清单。

进口货物的完整清单。

全世界港口都
要求提供的货物监管的基本资料，是进口国计征关税的凭
据
Irrevocable letter of credit Letter of Credit in which the specified payment is
guaranteed by the bank if all terms and
conditions are met by the drawee and which
cannot be revoked without joint agreement of
both the buyer and the seller.
不可撤销信用证。

除非买卖双方同意，只要满足了开证人
的条件和条款银行就保证承付的不可撤销的信用证Issuing bank Bank that opens a straight or negotiable letter
of credit and assumes the obligation to pay the
bank or beneficiary if the documents presented
are in accordance with the terms of the letter of
credit.
开证行。

开具信用证并向议付银行或受益人保证，在提
交的文件资料符合信用证要求时承担付款义务（责任）
的银行
Issuing carrier The carrier issuing transportation documents or
publishing a tariff.
公共承运人。

（以自己的名义向市场）签发运输文件（如
提单，运输合同等）和公布运价的承运人
J
Jacket A wood or fiber cover placed around such
containers as cans and bottles.
（容器）外包装。

罐装和瓶装物外面的木质或纤维包装物Jacob’s ladder A rope ladder suspended from the side of a vessel
and used for boarding.
绳梯。

悬挂在船舷边上用于（人员）登船的绳梯Jettison Act of throwing cargo or equipment(jetsam)
overboard when a ship is in danger.
抛弃货物或设备，自救抛物。

当船舶处于危险中时（主动
地）抛弃货物或船上设备（漂流瓶）的行为（行动）Joint rate A rate applicable from a point on one
transportation line to a point on another line,
made by agreement and published in a single tariff
by all transportation lines over which the rate
applies.
联运运费，联合运价，合伙运费。

联运运费，适用于从一
个航线点到另外一个航线点运输的运价率，由（经营）不
同航线（的承运人）协商并发布的单一（地点）运价率，
适用于所有航线的运价
Just in time In this method of inventory control, warehousing is
minimal or non existent; the containers is the
movable warehouse and must arrive “just in time”,
not too early nor too late.
及时运输，按时按（地）点运输。

及时运输是一种将库存
降至最低或零库存的库存控制方法（是当今物流中的一个
重要概念）；集装箱（等运输工具、器具）是移动仓库，必
须及时到达（目的地），不能早、不能晚
K
Keel 龙骨Keel, The centerline of a ship running fore and aft;
the backbone of a vessel
龙骨,是从船首至船尾的中轴，是船舶的“脊椎”
King pin King pin, A coupling pin centered on the front
underside of a chassis; couples to the tractor
拖架支撑脚，（集装箱）拖架前方底部的一对支撑脚。

Knock-down Articles which are kake apart to reduce the cubic
footage displaced or to make a better shipping
unit and are to be re-assembled
拆散分运的货物，解体的货物。

为了降低体积或成为更
适合运输的单位，（完成运输后）会被从新组装的货物Knot Knot, a unit of speed. The term “knot” means
velocity in nautical miles per hour whether of a
vessel or current. One nautical mile is rounghly
equivalent to 1.15 stature miles or 1.85
kilometers. 节，一种速度单位，表示航海或洋流的时
速。

一海里大约是1.15英里、1.85公里(节（海里）/
小时＝1.8532 公里/小时)
known loss Known loss, a loss discovered before or at the
time of delivery of a shipment.
已知损失，卸船前损失。

在交货前或交货时发现的货物
损失
Kyoto Convention International Convention on the Simplification and
Harmonization of Customs Procedures (1973) (CCC
Convention) 1973 年简化和协调海关程序国际
（CCC公约），又称：《西京公约》。