考研英语语法主谓一致解析(二)

考研英语语法主谓一致解析（二）

(七)the+形容词/分词形容词

1. 表示一类人或一类事物时，采用语法一致原则，谓语动词用复数形式。

例句：In an odd way，however，it is the educated who have claimed to have given up an ambition as an ideal. (选自2000年Text 5)

分析：该句是复合句，同时又是一个强调句型。其中the educated指受过教育的人，有教养的人。

译文：然而，令人奇怪的是，正是那些受过良好教育的人宣布他们已不再把抱负当做理想。

例句：As a nurse，she has a responsibility to attend to the sick，who have no homes，no relatives here.

分析：该句是复合句，who have no homes，no relatives here是修饰the sick的定语从句。

译文：作为一名护士，她有责任和义务来照看那些医院里没有家也没有亲人的病人。

2. 指抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例句：It is the true，the good and the beautiful that places a restriction on our behaviors.

分析：该句是复合句，又是强调句型。

译文：正是真善美对我们的言行起着约束作用。

3. the+某些个别分词形容词，如deceased，accused, 不表一类人而是指个人，谓语动词用单数。

例句：The deceased killed in the traffic accident has been taken away from the spot，at the same time，the accused causing the accident has been taken to the court.

分析：该句是并列句，其中分词killed和causing the accident在句中分别修饰the deceased (死者)与the accused(被指控者)。

译文：交通事故中的遇难者已被抬离现场，与此同时，导致这起交通事故的被指控者也被带到法庭。

(八)定语从句中主谓一致

1.先行词为单数或复数，谓语动词也用相应的单数或复数形式。

例句：Meanwhile，the theft of information about some 40 million credit card accounts in American，disclosed on June 17th，overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America s Federal Trade Commission(FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

(选自2007年Text 4)

分析：该句是复合句，主干部分为the theft...overshadowed a hugely...important decision，分词短语disclosed on June 17th修饰the theft of information，that puts corporate America on notice是修饰decision的定语从句，that regulators will act作notice的同位语，if引导一状语从句。

译文：与此同时，6月17日披露的消息表明，美国大约4 000万张信用卡的信息被人

盗取，这一情况给美国联邦贸易委员会在前一天所做的决定蒙上了阴影。该决定极其重要，要求商业公司提供充分的数据安全，否则监管人员就采取行动。

例句：The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side don t usually see the plays，and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. (选自2006年Text 2)

分析：该句是并列复合句，其中主干部分为一个并列句the sightseers don t usually...，and some of them are...to find a theatre in Stratford，定语从句who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side修饰the sightseers。

译文：这些乘客坐着大巴蜂拥而至，来到了沃里克城堡及旁边的布雷恩宫殿。不过他们通常不是来看戏，有些人甚至会吃惊地发现斯特伏特竟然还有戏院。

2.先行词前有the only(very，just)等词修饰时，定语从句中谓语动词改由主句主语决定。

例句：She is the very one among the girls who comes and tells us of her drowned classmate.

分析：该句是复合句，定语从句who comes and tells us of her drowned classmate修饰the very one。

译文：正是这个女孩前来告诉我们她有个同学落水了。.

例句：Please refrain from your emotion，he is not the only one of the students who fails to observe the regulation of the class.

分析：该句是由两个句子组成的，前一分句是表示建议的祈使句，后一分句中who fails to observe the regulation of the class作定语修饰the only one of the students。

译文：不要生气，他并不是唯一没有遵守班级规定的学生。

(九)“many+单数名词”等结构的主谓一致

主语为many a/more than one/every/each+单数名词或one of/every one of/either of/neither of/each of+复数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例句：Caught in the web of its own time and place，each generation of historians determines anew what is significant for it in the past. (选自1999年Part IV)

分析：该句是复合句，主干部分是each generation of historians determines anew...，what is significant for it in the past是determines的宾语从句，过去分词caught in the web of...作主语补足语。

译文：每一代史学家在重新确定那些对他们具有重大意义的史实时，都会受到自身时空的局限。

例句：Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. (选自2003年Part B)

分析：该句是复合句，which lies...是修饰subfield or specialization的定语从句。

译文：每一门社会学科目都有一个分支或专业特别接近人类学。

(十)“each+单数名词”等结构的主谓一致

在each/every+单数名词+and+ each/every+单数名词这一结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

例句：Every boy and every girl has a right to be educated in our country，whether his/her family is rich or poor.

分析：该句是并列句，whether his family is rich or poor这一分句表示让步。

译文：在我国，无论男孩女孩都有权利接受教育，不管家庭贫穷与否。

(十一)“a lot of+不可数名词(复数名词)”等结构的主谓一致

a lot of/lots of/heaps of/a load of/loads of/the rest/the last/half of/part of/enough of/a great (good) deal of+ 不可数名词+ 单数谓语动词