德国古典文学之美学理论【英文】

Schiller‟s analytical terminology sensuous drive / Stofftrieb form drive / Formtrieb The contradictions of the French Revolution are to be taken as the signature of modernity: where Stofftrieb and Formtrieb clash, people need to develop as a third evolutionary means the Spieltrieb to recreate the unity of both on a higher level of culture
Schiller‟s analytical terminology (as a result of his Kant-studies) sensuous drive / Stofftrieb: form drive / Formtrieb: rational physical existence existence play drive / Spieltrieb people need to develop the Spieltrieb to recreate the unity of sensuous and form drive on a higher level of culture • against the partial truth of actuality the overriding truth of art has to be established
German Classicism as a culmination of the tendencies since 1750
Main Topics - as an alternative to the French Revolution • individual education development of the personality • humanitarianism • striving for harmony • cosmopolitanism
• the aesthetic experience amounts to the resolution (by the reader, theatre-goer) of the tension between the sensual and the moral nature of man:
• „Ich hoffe, Sie zu überzeugen, [...] daß man, um jenes Problem[i.e. the problem of power versus reason] in der Erfahrung zu lö sen, durch das ä sthetische den Weg nehmen muß , weil es die Schönheit ist, durch welche man zur Freiheit wandert.‟ [It is only through Beauty that man makes his way to Freedom.] (Ueber die Ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen, 2. Brief, NA 20, p. 312)
Classicism in European Contexts: German Classicism as a late development Classicist Art: • period of exemplary nature - setting a norm • revival of ancient classicist arts and philosophy (reception) • Weimar Classicism: from Goethe‟s journey to Italy (1786) towards Schiller‟s death (1805) • Germany‟s answer to the French Revolution
Lecture 7:
Classicist German Literature - Aesthetic Theory
• Classicism in European contexts
• German Classicism as a culmination of tendencies since 1750
• Schiller‟s analytical terminology • Classicist Weimar •Schiller‟s Classicist dramas (a brief comparison with the drama of the Enlightenment and of the Storm and Stress)
Reason, Order, Dictatorship • proclamation of a democratic constitution • Reason as new religion: Kult des Hö chsten Wesens • building the people‟s army • a radically modern architecture: ideal of the straight line • power sharing institutions run by the bourgeois classes
Terror, Uproar, Violence • violent clashes within the streets of Paris • Christian Churches abolished, their property withdrawn • in war with feudal Europe • burning and tearing down of the Bastille and the palaces •Biblioteka Baidufamine and mass rallies of the poor