浅谈合成氨中串低变工艺设计论文

摘要

本文是关于以天然气为原料年产15万吨合成氨变换工段初步设计。在合成氨的生产中，一氧化碳变换反应是非常重要的反应。本设计的原料气中含有部分一氧化碳，不能直接作为合成氨的原料，而且对合成氨的催化剂有毒害作用，必须在催化剂的作用下通过变换反应除去。因此，一氧化碳变换反应既是原料气的净化过程，又是原料气的制造过程。本设计采用中串低工艺流程，其主要包括工艺路线的确定、中低温变换炉的物料衡算和热量衡算、变换炉和换热器进行总体结构设计及计算。最终绘制出了该工序带控制点的工艺流程图。

关键词：天然气；一氧化碳变换；低温变换炉

Abstract

This article is a preliminary design section what about the annual output of natural gas as raw materials to transform fifteen thousand tons of carbon monoxide ammonia .In the production of ammonia, carbon monoxide shift conversion is a very important reaction. Because the gas contains part of carbon monoxide and it not only couldn't be directly used as those of the raw materials of synthetic ammonia, but also have poisoning effect on the catalyst of ammonia there must be removed through the catalytic reaction about the catalyst for transformation. So the carbon monoxide shift conversion is not only a gas purification process of raw materials, but also the manufacturing process of feed gas. This design uses medium and low temperature shift in series process, it contains the determination of process route, the Medium and Low Temperature Shifting Furnace of material balance and heat balance, shifting furnace and heat exchanger in overall structure design and calculation. Finally draw out the process control with process flow diagram.

Keywords: natural gas; carbon monoxide shift conversion;Low Temperature Shifting Furnace

目录

摘要.................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... II 目录............................................................................................................................................... I II 1 综述...................................................................................................................................... - 1 -1.1氨的性质和用途 . (1)

1.1.1 氨的理化性质......................................................................................................... - 1 -

1.1.2 氨的用途................................................................................................................. - 1 -1.2合成氨技术的发展史 .. (2)

1.2.1 世界合成氨技术的发展......................................................................................... - 2 -

1.2.2 中国合成氨工业的发展概况................................................................................. - 4 -1.3合成氨转变工序的工艺原理 .. (4)

1.3.1 合成氨的典型工艺流程介绍................................................................................. - 4 -

1.3.2 合成氨转化工序的工艺原理................................................................................. - 6 -

1.3.3 合成氨变换工序的工艺原理................................................................................. - 6 -1.4设计方案的确定 . (6)

1.4.1 原料的选择............................................................................................................. - 6 -

1.4.2 工艺流程的选择..................................................................................................... - 8 -

1.4.3 工艺参数的确定..................................................................................................... - 8 -

1.4.4 工厂的选址............................................................................................................. - 9 -

2 变换工段物料及热量衡算................................................................................................ - 11 -2.1中温变换物料衡算及热量衡算 .. (11)

2.2低变炉的物料与热量计算 (22)

2.3废热锅炉的热量和物料计算 (27)

2.4主换热器的物料与热量的计算 (29)

2.5调温水加热器的物料与热量计算 (30)

3 设备的计算........................................................................................................................ - 32 -3.1低温变换炉计算 .. (32)

3.2中变废热锅炉 (33)

主要参考文献.......................................................................................................................... - 38 -