医学英语词根词缀大全

Suffix Meaning Example

-ac pertaining to

属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的

-al pertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine

-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary pertaining to

belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的

-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts

starch to sugar 淀粉酶

-cle smallness

小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊

-e an instrument 仪器auriscope: an instrument for examining

the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜

-eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx

喉的, 喉音的

-ia condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕

-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their

development and diseases 儿科学

-ine/in substance 物质 insulin ：substance (hormone) produced by

the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

胰岛素

-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol

which becomes addictive 酒精中毒

-ist one who specializes in 精通于……的人

pharmacologist: a doctor who

specializes in the study of drugs 药理专

家 -itis inflammation refers to a part in ……部位的炎症

rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal

passages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)um relation to a whole; related to 与……相关

endometrium: inner lining of the uter 子

宫内膜

-ive

characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses

coughing

止咳药 -let

tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴 -ment the result or product of an action development: thing which develops or is

being developed; action of becoming

mature

-oid resembling; like

像 mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的

-ole little; small

centriole: the small dense structure in

the middle of the centrosome

细胞中心粒；中心体 -oma tumor; swelling refers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the

skin

皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that

responds to various stimuli 感受器，受体

-ory characterized by; pertaining to s uspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and

some fruit 果糖

-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of

a hidden nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also

containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的

-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid 核糖

体

-um structure; thing; substance

结构，物质

magnesium: a white metallic chemical

substance 镁（金属元素） -y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective

nutrition or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes Suffix

Meaning Example -algia

pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛 --ase

enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶 -blast embryo 胚，胚胎，人类胚胎 hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原

始血细胞

-carcinoma m alignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤

adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor

developing from glandular tissue 腺癌

-cele protrusion; distention 突出；esophagocele: abnormal distention of