高中语法难点解析

3. Verb + - infinitive
• Verb + infinitive • He demanded to be told everything. She claimed to be the owner of the car. • These verbs include agree, aim, apply, arrange, choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, endeavor, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pledge, prepare, pretend, profess, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, swear, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, etc. (about 90)
2. –ing participle
• • • • • • • -ing participle: present participle and gerund 1. collocation of –ing participle with v. A. Verb + -ing form He admitted making the mistake. She dreads getting old. She couldn’t help crying when she heard the news. I can’t stand being kept waiting.
• These verbs include admit , acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, can't help, can't resist, can't stand, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, don't mind, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade, facilitate, fancy, favor, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep (on) ,mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, put off , resent, report ,risk, stop, suggest , etc.
• Education makes people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave.
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2. Noun (phrase) + infinitive He is not the man to draw back. This is the best book to read. She is to blame. Give me a list of people to invite / to be invited. The man to consult / to be consulted is Mr. Johnson. I have got a lot of letters to write. There is a lot of work to do. There is no necessity to buy / of buying a new car. The doctor made a bold attempt to save / of saving the child's life. (Noun + infinitive = noun + preposition + -ing ) P149, 16C
• Infinitives can take the aspect and voice forms.
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to-infinitive and bare infinitive
Use of bare-infinitive: P141 You should do what you are told. (modals) You can not help but respect them. She would rather die than marry him. (modal idioms) We hadn't time for luncheon，but we made do with sandwiches. Don't let go (of) the handle. (idiomatic verb constructions)
• Verb + (object) + infinitive • Do you intend to make a long stay there? We didn't intend them to act like that. Do you like to play chess? I like people to tell the truth.
Infinitive clauses
• Syntactic functions of infinitive clauses • Infinitives with to can be the subject, object, complement, or adverbial in the sentence. • To give is better than to take. • To know everything is to know nothing. • To live is to do something worthwhile. • He thought a great pity not to have invited her. • He likes his wife to dress well.
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as adverbial of purpose, result, and cause. Eat to please yourself, but dress to please others. She stood up to be seen better. He opened the window in order to / so as to get some fresh air. • In 1935 he left home never to return. He got to the station only to be told that the train had left.He was like a cock that thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
Lecture 11 Non-finite verbs & non-finite clauses
1. Infinitive 1.1 forms of infinitive 1.2 uses of infinitive sign --- to 1.3 collocations of infinitive with adj., n. and v. 2. –ing participle 2.1 collocation of –ing participle with v. 2.2 verbs followed by either infinitive or –ing p. 2.3 –ing participle clauses 3. -ed participle 3.1 use of –ed participle 3.2 –ed participle clauses 4. Dangling participles and absolute construction
Would you let him have a try? (causative verbs ) We felt the house shake. He doesn't like listening to other people talk. (sense verbs) They did nothing but wait. There's no choice but to unite. (preposition but and except) Go post a letter for me. Come have a chat with me. (idiomatic expressions) P147, 16A
1.Forms of Infinitives
• I have a lot of work to do. • I asked him not to tell me the truth. • To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness of life. He is said to have left Shanghai. The president was reported to have been flying across the Atlantic.
Non-finite verbs and phrases
• In linguistics, a non-finite verb is a verb form that is not limited by a subject. • Non-finite verbs: not marked for tense or for subject-verb concord • Non-finite phrase or clause: main verbs occurs in the non-finite form or a clause with a non-finite verb phrase as predicate. • I’d like to play tennis. • She enjoys inviting friends to parties. • I must get my suit cleaned.
Other uses of infinitive
• • • • • • She is too young to take care of herself. I’m too tired to do anything tonight. The boy is too short to reach the top shelf. = the boy is not tall enough to reach the top shelf. They are too poor to own a house. = they are not rich enough to own a house.
collocations of infinitives with adjectives, nouns, and verbs • 1. Adjective＋infinitive (as complement) • He is glad to help others. I'm sorry to be late. • She was careless to break the cup. = It was careless of her to break the cup. • That question is difficult to answer.=It is difficult to answer that question. • Dirty water is nasty to drink.=It is nasty to drink dirty water. The box is heavy to move. These books are easy to sell.= It is easy to sell these books. = These books sell easily. P148, 16B
• Verb + object + infinitive • We know him to be reliable. He declared himself to be innocent. • They believed him to be insane.= They believed that he was insane. • The verbs include fwenku.baidu.comel, think, understand, imagine, consider, guess, suppose etc.