专题七：非 谓 语 动 词---分词

专题七：非谓语动词---分词

分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词构成为v+ing，过去分词构成为v+ed。分词具有形容词和副词的作用，因此在句中常用作表语、定语、状语或补足语。现在分词表示动作正在进行或主动意义；过去分词表示动作已经完成或被动意义。

1. 分词的时态和语态概述：

2. 分词的时态：

①现在分词的一般式（doing）：表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生, 有时也表

示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

Hearing the news, the poor girl burst into tears. 听到这个消息，这个可怜的女孩放声大哭。

Being a student, he was interested in books. 因为是学生，他对书感兴趣。

“Go away,” Kate said angrily pointing to the man.

凯特指着那名男子生气地说道“滚蛋”。

②现在分词的完成式（having done）：表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

Having finished his work, he began to surf the Internet. 完成了工作以后，他开始上网。

Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.

在那所大学里学习了三年，他非常熟悉那条路。

③过去分词的一般式（done）：过去分词只有一般式done。及物动词的过去分词既表被动又表完成，

不及物动词的过去分词仅表完成。

When asked his name，the boy made no answer. 当那个男孩被问及名字时，他没有回答。

The road built last year leads to my hometown. 去年建成的那条马路通往我的家乡。

The ground is covered by fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。

练习：

1) ______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.

A. To walk.

B. Walking

C. Walked

D. Having walked

2) My cousin came to see me from the country, ______ me a full basket of fresh fruits.

A. brought

B. bringing

C. to bring

D. had brought

3) ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.

A. Driven

B. Being driven

C. To drive

D. Having driven

4) ______ that she didn’t do a good job, I don’t think I am abler than her.

A. To have said

B. Having said

C. To say

D. Saying

5) He is a student at Oxford University, ______ for a degree in computer science.

A. studied

B. studying

C. to have studied

D. to be studying

6)“Things ______ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.

A. lost

B. losing

C. to lose

D. have lost

7) The manager, _____ it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.

A. who has made

B. having made

C. made

D. making

8) “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, ______ away.

A. run

B. running

C. to run

D. ran

9) The storm left, ______ a lot of damage to this area.

A. caused

B. to have caused

C. to cause

D. having caused

10) When ______ help, one often says “Thank you.” or “ It’s kind of you.”

A. offering

B. to offer

C. to be offered

D. offered

3. 分词的语态：

现在分词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者时，分词用主动语态的形式；当分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语态的形式。如果要强调分词的动作先于谓语动作，就用分词完成式的被动形式。现在分词的被动形式有两种：一般式（being done）和完成式（having been done）。过去分词只有一种形式done。

①一般式（being done）：表示正在进行的被动动作。

The question being discussed is important. 正在被讨论的那个问题是重要的。

The house being built will be seven storeys high. 正在建造的那所房子将有七层高。

②完成式（having been done）：表示已经完成的被动动作。

Having been told the bad news, the girl couldn’t help crying.

被告诉那个噩耗后，那个女孩忍不住哭了。

注：

a. 现在分词的完成被动形式作状语时，常用过去分词代替。

(Having been) given a wrong number, I couldn’t ring him.

因他给我一个错的电话号码，所以打不通。

b. 现在分词的完成被动形式不能作定语，需用过去分词。

The novels written by Han Han are well received. 韩寒写的小说受到了一致好评。

练习：

1) ______ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.

A. Being separated

B. Having separated

C. Having been separated

D. To be separated

2) Linda can’t attend the party _____ at Tom’s house at present because she is preparing a speech for the party _____ at Mary’s house tomorrow.

A. being held; to be held

B. to be held; held

C. held; being held

D. to be held; to be held

3) ______ by the rising price of gas, many car owners use their cars less frequently.

A. Driven

B. Being driven

C. To drive

D. Having driven

4) ______ a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly.