高考英语语法精讲精练专题五动词时态和语态常考点

专题五动词时态和语态常考点

在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的

同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。

时态主动语态形式被动语态形式一般现在时am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done

一般过去时was/were/did was/were done

现在完成时has/have done has/have been done

现在完成进行时has/have been doing /

现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done

过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done

过去完成时had done had been done

将来完成时will/shall have done will /shall have been done

一般将来时

will /shall do

am/is/are going to do

am/is/are coming/leaving

am/is/are to do

am/is/are about to do

will /shall be done

am/is/are to be done

过去将来时

would do

was going to do

was coming/leaving

was to do

was about to do

would be done

was/were to be done

将来进行时will /shall be doing /

1一般现在时

一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.

②The water will be further polluted unless some measures ________(take)．

③My train ________(leave) at 6：30.

④A snow ________(expect) to come next week.

⑤On the wall ________(hang) a picture.

⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.

⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.

⑧He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃．

【答案】①finish②are taken③leaves④is expected⑤hangs ⑥washes ⑦belongs⑧boils

2一般过去时和现在完成时

一般过去时(标志词：yesterday，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。

现在完成时(标志词：since，in the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。

请区别下列几组句子：

①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)

He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)

②It's two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)

It's two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)

③This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school.

This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.

④ He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)

He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)

⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)

I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)

用所给词的适当形式填空：

①—I haven't seen you for ages. Haven't you graduated from college?

—Yes. I________(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.

②Where ________ you________(put) my book? I can't find it anywhere.

③Although he has lived with us for years，he ________(not leave) us much impression.

④My brother is an actor. He ________(appear) in several films in the past few years.

⑤—Li Pin may not come tonight.

—But he ________(promise)．

【答案】①studied②have；put ③hasn't left④has appeared⑤promised

3过去完成时和将来完成时

过去完成时表示一件事情发生在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than...

[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：

①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/... to do...，but...

＝I hoped/expected/... to have done...，but...