专题二：定语从句

专题二：定语从句

概念：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句(The Attributive Clause)。

定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句通常紧跟在先行词的后面。例如：

①The story that you read is interesting. 你看的那部小说是有趣的。

②The boy who broke the window is Tom. 打碎窗户的那个男孩是汤姆。

③They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 他们种植了不需要许多水的树。

在上面三个例句中斜体部分都叫定语从句，他们所修饰的词The story, The boy, the trees都叫先行词。注：怎样找出句中的定语从句：若定语从句位于句中，则从名词或代词之后到第二个（组）动词之前

即为定语从句；若定语从句位于句后，则从名词或代词之后一直到句

末即为定语从句。

检验方法是：括号之外为完整的句子，那么你找的定语从句就是正确的了。

附句子成分分析：定语从句只和三种成分有关：主语，宾语和状语。能正确地识别这三种成分对掌握关系代词和关系副词的用法有很大的帮助，请牢记题例。

①I love (vt)you very much.

主语宾语状语

②He runs (vi)quickly.

主语状语

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。包括关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 和关系副词when, where, why。

一、关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which的用法

1. 当先行词是人，在从句中作主语时，我们用who/that来引导，且不能省略。例如：

1) This is the girl who/that helped me.

这就是帮助我的那名女孩。

2) The man who/that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.

与我父亲握手的那名男子是位警察。

2. 当先行词是人，在从句中作宾语时，我们用whom/who/that来引导，可以省略。例如：

1) The doctor (whom/who/that) you are looking for is in the room.

你正在寻找的那名医生在房间里。

2) The boy (whom/who/that) you met yesterday is Tom.

昨天你遇见的那个男孩是汤姆。

3. 当先行词是物时，不论其作主语、宾语，我们都用that/which来引导；当其作主语时，不能省略；当其作宾语时，可以省略。例如：

1) A plane is a machine that/which can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。

2) The noodles (that/which) I cooked were good. 我煮的面条是可口的。

4.当先行词是人或物时，我们用whose来代替his/her/its/their等，即代替相当于汉语中“……的”

的部分。例如：

1) Do you know the man whose name is Mr. Smith? 你认识名叫史密斯的那个男子吗？

2) I live in the room whose window faces north. 我住在窗户朝北的房间里。

注：若关系代词前有介词时，只能用whom（指人），which（指物），或whose，关系代词可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，这时作宾语的whom, which不能省略。

即：介词+关系代词（whom/which/whose）例如：

1) The man whom/who/that my teacher is talking with is my father.

→The man with whom my teacher is talking is my father.

与我老师谈话的那名男子是我的父亲。

2) The room that/which I live in is good.

→The room in which I live is good.

我居住的房间是好的。

3) The man whose department I once worked in was Mr. King.

→The man in whose department I once worked was Mr. King.

那名男子是金先生，以前我在他的部门工作过。

但：含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在有关动词的后面。例如：

1) Is this the book which /that he is looking fo r?

这是他正在寻找的那本书吗？

2) The old man whom the nurses are looking afte r is very well now.

护士们正在照看的那位老人现在身体很好。

注：“动词+介词”构成的动词短语在什么样的情况下可以拆开提前，什么样的情况下不可以拆开提前？一般情况下，动词短语拆开介词提前，意思不变的，则可以拆开，如：talk(with)=talk，live(in) =live；动词短语拆开介词提前，意思改变的，则不可以拆开，如：look(for) ≠look，look(after) ≠look。但look at，listen to，depend on等例外，不可以拆开。

练习：用关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which填空:

1) The earthquake _____ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.

2) We don’t know the number of people _____ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.

3) The house _____ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.

4) A house _____ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.

5) Luckily the people _____ I know were not killed in the earthquake.

6) People _____ study the earthquake think that there will be another big one soon.

7) Harry is the boy _____ mother is our maths teacher.

8) Miss White is the teacher _____ house caught fire last week.

9) The person with _____ you just talked is Mr. Li.

10) This is the house in _____ I was born.

11) The boy to ____ Tom spoke is my friend.

12) The room in ____ they lived is in front of our classroom.

13) The map, ____ you are looking for, is over there.

14) Betty, ____ has never been abroad, is studying English very well.

15) The woman, ____ hair is long, is a doctor.

二、关系副词when, where, why的用法：

1. 当先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中作状语时，用when来引导。例如：

①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

我仍然记得我第一次来北京的那一天。

②We’ll never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm.

我们永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的快乐时光。

2. 当先行词是表示地点的名词，在从句中作状语时，用where来引导。例如：

①This is the house where we lived last year.

这是我们去年居住的房子。

②The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.

他父亲工作的那家工厂在城的西部。

3. 当先行词是表示原因的名词，在从句中作状语时，用why来引导。例如：

①There are several reasons why we can’t do that.我们不能够做那件事的原因有几个。

②He couldn’t give the reason why he was late. 他不能够给出他迟到的原因。

注：关系副词when, where, why也可以用“介词+which”来表示。其中的介词是根据固定搭配来确定的。

①I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

→ I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.

②This is the house where we lived last year.

→ This is the house in which we lived last year.

③ There are several reasons why we can’t do that.

→ There are several reasons for which we can’t do that.

练习：用关系副词when, where, why及“介词+which”填空。

1) I will remember the day ______I came here.

2) This is the reason ______ he was late.

3) The house _____you were born was sold many years ago.

4) The reason ______he was late was that he was ill.

5) We will never forget the years _____we studied together.

6) This is the farm _____we found the tiger last year.

7) I will never forget the day____ ____ I joined the League.

8) This is the farm____ _____ they once worked.

9) That is the reason_____ _____he was late.

10) The classroom_____ _____we study is on the second floor.

三、怎样把两个句子合并成一个定语从句呢？

1) A plane is a machine. It can fly.

首先找出先行词。所谓先行词就是两个句子中相同的部分。在这两个句子中a machine和It是相同的部分，都指同一样东西。

其次确定关系词。a machine是物，又因it在从句中作主语，所以我们用关系代词which/that。

第三步确定主句，去掉多余词。在这两个句子中A plane is a machine. 应该是主句，It can fly.是从句。

所以应该把It去掉换成which/that。即：

A plane is a machine which/that can fly.

2) The waiter was very friendly and polite.He served us tea.

首先找出先行词。在这两个句子中The waiter和He是相同的部分，都指同一个人。

其次确定关系词。The waiter是人，又因He在从句中作主语，所以我们用关系代词who/that。

第三步确定主句，去掉多余词。在这两个句子中The waiter was very friendly and polite.应该是主句，

He served us tea.是从句。所以应该把He去掉换成who/that。即：

The waiter who/that served us tea was very friendly and polite.

3) This is the day. I was born on the day.

首先找出先行词。在这两个句子中the day是相同的部分，都指同一个时间。

其次确定关系词。the day是时间，又因on the day在从句中作状语，所以我们用关系副词when。第三步确定主句，去掉多余词。在这两个句子中This is the day.应该是主句，I was born on the day.是

从句。所以应该把on the day去掉换成when。即：

This is the day when I was born.

4) Lianyungang is a beautiful city. We live in Lianyungang.

首先找出先行词。在这两个句子中Lianyungang是相同的部分，他们都指同一个地方。

其次确定关系词。Lianyungang是地点，又因in Lianyungang在从句中作状语，所以我们用关系副词where。

第三步确定主句，去掉多余词。在这两个句子中Lianyungang is a beautiful city.应该是主句，We live in

Lianyungang.是从句。所以应该把in Lianyungang去掉换成where。

即：

Lianyungang, where we live, is a beautiful city.

练习：

1) This is Tom. He comes from Finland.

→ _________________________________________________________________.

2) The book is on the floor. You are looking for it.

→ _________________________________________________________________.

3) This is Kate. You spoke to her father the other day.

→ _________________________________________________________________.

4) I will never forget the year. I first came to Yunnan that year.

→ _________________________________________________________________.

5) This was the reason. He was late for the reason.

→ _________________________________________________________________.

6) The classroom is on the second floor. We study in it.

→ _________________________________________________________________.

四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：

1. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的成分，如果去掉，主句的意义就不完整或失去意义。

这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。例如：

①She found the necklace that she lost two weeks ago. 她找到了两周前她丢失的项链。

②The accident happened on the day when I lost my job. 事故发生在我失业的那一天。

2. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的

意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。例如：

①She heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.

她听到了一个大的声音，接着变成了可怕的轰鸣声。

②John, who speaks Spanish, works here. 约翰在这儿工作，他讲西班牙语。

③Flora, whose beautiful hair and dress were all wet, started crying.

弗里拉开始哭了，她漂亮的头发和衣服全都湿了。

④Yunnan, where we live, is very beautiful. 我们所居住的云南很漂亮。

练习：

1) He works very well, _____ makes his boss satisfied.

A. that

B. which

C. who

D. as

2) That evening, _____ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. when

3) —When did the young man save you?

—January 1st, 2000, the first day of the new century, _____ I can never forget.

A. when

B. which

C. that

D. where

4) The letter is from my sister, ______ is working in Beijing.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. who

5) Have you seen the film Titanic, ______ leading actor is world famous?

A. its

B. it’s

C. whose

D. which

6) I shall never forget the day ______ Shen ZhouⅤwas launched, ______ has a great effect on my life.

A. when; which

B. that; which

C. which; that

D. when; that

五、关系代词的选用：

1）that的选用：

在某些特定的先行词后面，先行词指人或物时，一般只用that，而不用who或which：

1. 先行词为基数词、序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级所修饰时，只能用that。

①He brought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the two that are playing there.

昨天他带来两只猫。现在我能看见那两只猫在那儿玩耍。

②When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is the Tai Lake.

当我们谈论无锡时，首先进入脑海的是太湖。

③This is the best that can be done now. 这是现在能够做的最好的。

④This is the last book that I have. 这是我拥有的最后一本书。

⑤He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一位通过考试的。

⑥English is the most difficult subject that I’ve learned.英语是我学过的最难的科目。

2. 先行词是all, few, little, much, many, none, the one, something, nothing, everything, anything等代

词时，只能用that。（但先行词是everyone, anyone等复合代词时仍使用who.）

①You should hand in all that you have. 你应该上交你所有的一切。

②We haven’t got much that we can give you. 我们没有可以给你的许多东西。

③I mean the one that you talked about just now. 我指的是你刚才谈论的那一个。

3. 先行词被all, only, any, few, little, some, much, many, no, one of, just the, the very, the right等修饰时，只能用that。

①The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.

我能够做的唯一的事情是给你一些钱。

②This is one of the films that are interesting. 这是其中一部有趣的电影。

③This is the very book that I am looking for. 这就是我正在寻找的那本书。

4. 当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that。

①Do you know the things and the persons that they are talking about?

你知道他们正在谈论的事情和人吗？

5. 主句已有疑问词who或which时，只能用that。

①Who is the woman that is talking with our teacher? 和我们老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？

②Which is the bike that you lost? 你丢失的自行车是哪一辆？

6. 一个句子中指物的先行词有时带两个定语从句，其中一个已用which, 另一个只能用that。

Edison built up a factory which made things that had never been seen before.

爱迪生建立了一个制造以前从未见过东西的工厂。

7. 当先行词在主句中作表语，在从句中也作表语时，只能用that。

①He is no longer the man that he was ten years ago. 他不再是十年前的他了。

②He is said to be everything that an honest man should be. 据说他具有诚实人具有的一切。

8. 在Here be或There be开头的句子中，先行词指物时, 只能用that。

①Here are two books that I will buy. 这儿有我要买的两本书。

②There are two novels that I want to read in the library. 图书馆里有我想要看的两部小说。

9. 在句型It is (high/about) time +定语从句或It is the first time +定语从句中，只能用that。

①It is time that we should have a rest. 我们该休息了。

②It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。

③It is the first time that I have come to Lianyungang. 这是我第一次来连云港。

10. 当先行词是疑问代词who时，只能用that。

①Who that you have ever seen can beat him in chess?

在下棋方面，你曾见过谁能战胜过他？

②Who that has feet can run so fast?

有脚的什么样的人能够跑得如此的快？

2）which和whom的选用：

在某些特定的情况下，先行词指人或物时，要使用whom或which，一般不用that:

1. 非限制性定语从句中不用that。

①He was very rude to the customs officer, which of course made things even worse.

他对海关官员很粗鲁，当然这使情况更糟糕了。

②The doctor, whom you are looking for, is in the room.

你正在寻找的那名医生在房间里。

2. 介词后不用that。

①Do you know the boy to whom I spoke just now? 你认识刚才和我讲话的那个男孩吗？

②This is the factory in which he works. 这是他工作的那家工厂。

3. 当先行词是that, those（指物）时，不用that。

①What’s that which was put in the car? 放在汽车里的那是什么？

②What are those which are thrown away? 被扔掉的那些是什么？

4. 一个句子中指物的先行词有时带两个定语从句，其中一个已用that，另一个只能用which。

Edison built up a factory that made things which had never been seen before.

爱迪生建立了一个制造以前从未见过东西的工厂。

3）who的选用：

在某些特定的情况下，先行词指人时，一般只用关系代词who，不用that:

1. 当先行词one, ones, anyone, those指人时，一般不用that, 用who。

①Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

最后离开房间的人应该关灯。

②Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.

想要去长城的请在这儿签名。

2. 指人的先行词与定语从句之间被其他词分隔时, 用who。

I met a foreign student from Nanjing University who could communicate with me in Chinese.

我遇见一位来自南大的外国学生，他能够用汉语和我交流。

3. 在Here be或There be开头的句子中，先行词指人时, 用who。

①Here is the man who often comes to my help. 他就是经常帮助我的那名男子。

②There are many people who are strongly against the plan. 有许多人强烈反对这个计划。

4. 一个句子中指人的先行词有时带两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that，另一个则多用who。

①The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.

昨晚你遇见的那个男孩是学习非常努力的组长。

②He is the only man that I know who is suitable for the job.

他是我认识的能胜任这份工作的唯一的人。

5. 当先行词是I, you, he, they等时（常用于谚语中），用who。

①He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火自焚。

②He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。

4）whose的选用：

1. whose既可以指人也可以指物，在从句作定语。

I know the boy whose name is Tom. 我认识这个男孩，他的名字叫汤姆。

I’d like a house whose window faces south. 我想要一间窗户朝南的房子。

2. whose表示所属关系，常用of which/whom短语替代。

whose cover

①This is the book, the cover of which is green.

of which the cover

(这就是它的封面是绿色的那本书。）

whose name

②She has a brother, the name of whom is Tom.

of whom the name

(她有一个名叫Tom的弟弟。)

5）as的选用：

as也可以用作关系代词，有“正如、正像，这一点”之意。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作主语或宾语时不能省略。

1. as用于非限制性定语从句中；

在非限制性定语从句中，可指代整个主句，其引导的定语从句可以位于句首，句中或句末，通常用逗号与主句隔开。

As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

众所周知，吸烟有害健康。(as在从句中作宾语)

Money, as someone once said, is the root of all evils.

正如有人曾经说过的那样，金钱是万恶之源。(as在从句中作宾语)

He is a teacher, as can be seen from his manner.

他是老师，这一点从他的举止上可以看出来。(as在从句中作主语)

2. as用于限制性定语从句中。

关系代词as常用于the same…as…, such…as…, so…as…, as…as…的结构中，代表前面的先行词，既可以指人又可以指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

I had the same experience as you had.

我跟你有相同的经历。(as在从句中作宾语)

No one thought that such an accident as had occurred would happen.

谁也没有想到会发生像这样的事故。(as在从句中作主语)

Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.

像他提及的这样的人是诚实的。(as在从句中作主语)

I have never seen such a clever man as he is.

我从未见过像他这样聪明的人。(as在从句中作表语)

Here is so heavy a box as can be lifted by nobody.

这里有一个没人能搬得动的重箱子。(as在从句中作主语)

As many children as came were given some cakes.

像许多来的孩子一样得到一些蛋糕。(as在从句中作主语)

He is as diligent a man as ever lived.

他是有史以来最勤奋的人。(as在从句中作主语)

注：①th e same…as…与the same…that…的区别：the same…as…意为“同……一样”；而the same…that…

意为“就是同一个”。

This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. 这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的那支一样。

This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢失的那支钢笔。

②so/such…as…与so/such…that…的区别：so/such…as…意为“像……的样子；诸于……之类”；

而so/such…that…意为“如此……以致于……”。

This is so heavy a box as nobody can lift.

这是一只没有人能举得动如此重的箱子。

This box is so heavy that nobody can lift it.

这只箱子是如此的重，以致于没有人能举得动它。

3. as常用于一些固定的搭配当中。(请牢记)

as anybody can see 正如人人都看到的

as we all know 正如大家所知道的

as is well known 这是众所周知的

as is reported 正像所报道的那样

as is explained 正像所解释的那样

as we had expected 正如我们所预料的

as often happens 正如经常发生的那样

as has been said before 如前所述

as the old saying goes 常言道

as has been mentioned above 如上所述

as may be imagined可以想象得出

as has been pointed out 正像已经指出的那样

as will be shown in…这一点将在……中表明

as is often the case 情况常常如此

as the case may be 情况或许是这样的

可简记为：as常与see, say, show, explain, expect, know, report, happen, mention, imagine, point out

及case等连用。

4. as和which的区别：

由as, which引导的非限制性定语从句，as和which可指代整个主句，意为“这一点”；as从句可以放在句首，而which从句不可以放在句首；as有“正如、正像”之意，而which则没有。

As we all know, smoking is harmful to one’s health.

众所周知，吸烟有害健康。

She heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.

她听到了一个大的声音，接着变成了可怕的轰鸣声。

练习：

1) Tom is the last boy ______ left the room.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. whose

2) These were all the books ______ I had.

A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. whom

3) This is all _______ she said about it.

A. who

B. whom

C. what

D. that

4) This is the best _______ has been used against pollution.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which

5) This is the very plan for the summer holidays ______ will be suggested by our teacher.

A. which

B. that

C. when

D. whom

6) It is the first American movie of this kind _______ I’ve ever seen.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which

7) It is high time _______ they started out.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

8) This is the biggest animal _______ I’ve ever seen.

A. which

B. whom

C. that

D. whose

9) You can read any book _______ I have.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. whose

10) Li Ming is one of the students _______want to be teachers in our class.

A. who

B. that

C. as

D. which

11) Look at the boy and his dog _______ are coming this way.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. whom

12) I m ean the one ________ you talked about just now.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which.

13) Swimming is a very good sport, _______ everybody knows.

A. which

B. that

C. as

D. who

14) What’s that ______ was put in the box?

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

15) Those ______ will go to the park stay here.

A. who

B. which

C. whom

D. whose

16) ______ is often the case, we often forget the past.

A. which

B. it

C. that

D. as

17) Which is the book _______ you bought yesterday?

A. which

B. whom

C. that

D. what

18) Who is the girl _______wears a red dress?

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which

19) It is such an interesting book _______ we all want to read it.

A. which

B. as

C. it

D. that

20) It is such an interesting book _______ we all want to read.

A. which

B. as

C. it

D. that

21) It is important to realize that the same technology _______ helps us may also harm us.

A. which

B. as

C. what

D. that

22) a) He likes the girl _______ name is Mary.

b) He likes the girl, the name _______ is Mary.

c) He likes the girl, _______ the name is Mary.

A. that

B. whose

C. of which

D. of whom

23) a) I want to buy the same watch ______ you are wearing.

b) This is the same watch _____ I lost in the hotel.

A.as

B. that

C. which

D. who

24) I’ll t ell you _____ he told me last week.

A. all which

B. that

C. all that

D. which

25) Is there anything ______ to you?

A. that is belonged

B. that belongs

C. that belong

D. which belongs

26) It’s the third time ______ late this month.

A. that you arrived

B. when you arrived

C. that you’ve arrived

D. when you’ve arrived

27) He is not _______ a fool _______.

A. such, as he is looked

B. such, as he looks

C. as, as he is looked

D. so, as he looks

28) A child, the parents _______are dead, is called an orphan.

A. who

B. who’s

C. whose

D. of whom

29) Here are two books _______ you are looking for.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. where

30) It is as pleasant a film _______ I have ever seen.

A. what

B. that

C. which

D. as

31) It is so heavy a stone _______ no one can lift.

A. whose

B. that

C. which

D. as

32) As many members _______ were present agreed to the plan.

A. who

B. that

C. which

D. as

六、“介词+关系代词”中介词的选用：

1. 根据从句所修饰的先行词的需要来确定介词的使用；（即：先行词的搭配）

This is the factory in which he works. (in the factory) 这是他工作的那家工厂。

This is the farm on which he works. (on the farm) 这是他工作的那家农场。

2. 根据从句中谓语动词搭配的需要来确定介词的使用；（即：动词的固定搭配）

The car on which he spent 240,000 yuan i s made in Shanghai. (spend…on…)

他花了24万元购买的那辆小汽车是上海制造的。

The man to whom my teacher is talking is my father. (talk to)

与我老师谈话的那名男子是我的父亲。

3. 根据从句句意的需要来确定介词的使用；（即：句意的搭配）

Tom, with whom I went to the concert last night, had a good time.

（昨晚我和Tom一起去参加音乐会，在那里他玩得很高兴。）

Tom, by whom the window was broken, has been punished.

（Tom打坏了窗户，受到了惩罚。）

练习：用正确的“介词+关系代词”填空：

1) They are the people____ ____ you can turn for help if you are in trouble.

2) This is Miss Liu, ____ ____ you are going to work for the next two months.

3) She prefers the new house, the windows____ ____ face south.

4) Do you remember the day____ ____ you met Lisa for the first time?

5) Tibet was the place____ ____ the boy was born.

6) I shall never forget the year____ ____ he left for Singapore.

7) Where is the bag____ ____ Lucy spent 200dollars?

8) The woman____ ____my father is shaking hands is my French teacher.

9) The tall boy____ ____ Rose is speaking comes from Japan.

10) That’s the pair of sunglasses, ____ ____ my eyes could suffer great harm from the sun.

11) This is Tom, ____ ____ father you spoke the other day.

七、先行词是the way时关系代词的选用：

当先行词the way（路；方式，方法）在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，用that或which来引导，作宾语时可以省略；作状语时，用that，in which，或不填。

The boy gave the way that/which didn’t lead to the village. (the way 在从句中作主语)

那个男孩给出了不通往村子的路。

He found the way (that/which) the policeman told him. (the way 在从句中作宾语)

他找到了警察告诉他的那条路。

The way (that/which) he explained to us was quite simple. (the way 在从句中作宾语)

他向我们解释的方法是非常简单的。

I don’t like the way that/in which/×he speaks to you. (the way 在从句中作状语)

我不喜欢他和你说话的方式。

练习：

1) I don’t like the way ______ you speak to your mother.

A. /

B. in that

C. which

D. of which

2) You should treat him in the way ______ suits him most.

A. that

B. in which

C. /

D. why

3) The way ______ Miss Liu teaches English is quite different from Miss Zhao’s.

A. /

B. that

C. in which

D. all of the above

4) What surprised me was not what he said but ______ he said it.

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

八、先行词是situation，case，point，occasion，stage，position，

scene, activity等时关系词的选用：

1. 当先行词是situation（情形, 情况; 处境），case（情况），point（一点，地点，地步），occasion （场合），stage（场所，地点），position（形势，状况，处境; 位置; 职务），scene（场景, 场面;地点, 现场），activity（活动), atmosphere(气氛, 氛围)等表示抽象的地点，在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词用关系副词where引导。

We’re just trying to reach a point where both sides will sit down together and talk.

我们正在试图找到双方能坐到一起谈判的点。

After graduation, she reached a point in her career where she needed to decide what to do.

毕业后，在事业上她达到了她需要决定做什么的地步。

Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

今天，我们将讨论英语初学者不能够正确使用语言的许多情况。

It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

使孩子置于他们能从不同角度看待自己的环境里是有帮助的。

Until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no right at all.

直到今天，我们达到了一个几乎没有任何权利的地步。

2. 当先行词是point（点，时刻），occasion（时机，时刻），stage（时期，阶段）等表示抽象的时间，

在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词用关系副词when引导。

We have reached the point when we have no money left.

我们到了没有剩下钱的时刻了。

It took all the fun out of the occasion when we heard that you were ill.

我们一听说你病了，欢乐的气氛一扫而光。

The stage when he is preparing for his study is really important.

他为学习做准备的这一阶段很重要。

注：若以上这些词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则用关系代词that/which来引导。

T here’s one point that/which we must insist on. 有一点我们必须坚持。

The stage that/which is important for one is in his twenties or thirties.

对一个人来说，重要的阶段是在他二十几岁或三十几岁的时候。

练习：

1) Who can think of a situation ______ this idiom can be used?

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. in that

2) After graduation she reached a point in her career ____ she needed to decide what to do.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. where

3) Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

A. which

B. as

C. why

D. where

4) It’s helpful to put children in a situation _____ they can see themselves differently.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where

5) The last thirty years _____ the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress. Until today we

have reached a stage ______ we have almost no right at all.

A. saw; which

B. see; where

C. are seeing; in which

D. have seen; where

6) Shy people often avoid the situations ______ require close contact with other people.

A. that

B. what

C. when

D. where

7) I still remember the scene ____ two policemen were chasing after a thief.

A. that

B. what

C. when

D. where

8) — Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

—Yes, there’s one point ______ we must insist on.

A. why

B. where

C. how

D. /

九、定语从句中谓语动词的选用：

1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是个句子

时，从句的谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

①The book that is on the desk is mine. 在课桌上的那本书是我的。

②I, who am your best friend, will help you out. 我，作为你最好的朋友，将帮助你。

③Those who are from the city like dancing. 来自城市的那些人喜欢跳舞。

④The sun heats the earth, which is important to us.

太阳给地球热量，这一点对我们来说是重要的。

2. “one of +名词复数”作先行词时，从句中的谓语动词用复数；但当one前有the, the only, the very,

the right等修饰时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。即：one of+名词复数+that+动词复数；the (only/very/right) one of +名词复数+that+动词单数。

①He is one of the boys that are from the countryside. 他是来自农村的其中的一位男孩。

②He is the only one of the boys that is from the countryside. 他是唯一来自农村的男孩。

练习：

1) He, ____ your best friend, will try his best to help you.

A. who is

B. who am

C. that is

D. which is

2) a) This is one of the films that ______ worth seeing.

b) This is the very one of the films that ______worth seeing.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. be

3) Those who ______ late must go to see the headteacher.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. be

十、相同先行词使用不同的关系词：

我们前面讲过：

1)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，用关系副词when;

例如：I will remember the day when I joined the Party. 我仍然记得我入党的那一天。

2)当先行词是表示地点的名词时，用关系副词where;

例如：This is the house where I was born. 这是我出生的那所房子。

3)当先行词是表示原因的名词时，用关系副词why;

例如: This is the reason why he was late. 这是他迟到的原因。

而事实上并非如此。

▲我们看下面的一组句子：

a) I will remember the day ______ I joined the Party.

1.

b) I will remember the day ______ we spent together.

在第1组句子中，我们得到答案：

a) I will remember the day when I joined the Party.

b) I will remember the day that/which we spent together.

有的同学可能要问同样是表示时间的先行词the day，为什么第一句用关系副词when，而第二句关系代词that/which呢？

我们可以把a)句I will remember the day ______ I joined the Party.拆开就得到两个句子:

① I will remember the day.

② I joined the Party on the day.

在这两个句子中先行词是物the day，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到: I will remember the day that/which I joined the Party on.

把介词on提前，即得：I will remember the day on which I joined the Party.

而on which=when，亦即：I will remember the day when I joined the Party.

所以第a)句填when.

我们可以把b)句I will remember the day______ we spent together..拆开就得到两个句子:

① I will remember the day.

② we spent the day together.

在这两个句子中先行词是物the day，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以得到: I will remember the day that/which we spent together.

所以第b)句填that/which.

▲我们再看一组句子：

a) This is the house _______I was born.

2.

b) This is the house ________I was born in.

在第2组句子中，我们得到答案：

a) This is the house where I was born.

b) This is the house that/which I was born in.

我们可以把a)句This is the house _______I was born拆开就得到两个句子:

① This is the house.

② I was born in the house.

在这两个句子中先行词是物the house，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到:

This is the house that/which I was born in.

把介词in提前，即得：This is the house in which I was born.

而in which=where，亦即：This is the house where I was born.

所以第a)句填where.

我们可以把b)句This is the house _______I was born in.拆开就得到两个句子:

①This is the house.

②I was born in the house.

在这两个句子中先行词是物the house，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到: This is the house that/which I was born in.

所以第b)句填that/which.

▲我们看第三组句子：

a) This is the reason ________he was late.

3.

b) This is the reason ________he gave.

在第3组句子中，我们得到答案：

a) This is the reason why he was late.

b) This is the reason that/which he gave.

我们可以把a)句This is the reason ________he was late.拆开就得到两个句子

① This is the reason.

② He was late for the reason.

在这两个句子中先行词是物the reason，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以我们得到: This is the reason that/which he was late for.

把介词for提前，即得：This is the reason for which he was late.

而for which=why，亦即：This is the reason why he was late.

所以第a)句填why.

我们可以把b)句This is the reason ________he gave.拆开就得到两个句子:

① This is the reason.

②He gave the reason.

在这两个句子中先行词是物the reason，所以我们用关系代词that/which，根据句意可知第一句为主句，所以得到: This is the reason that/which he gave.

所以b)句填that/which.

从以上三组例子，我们可以看出，当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词时并不一定用关系副词when, where, why;而可以用关系代词that/which。

那么在什么样的情况下用关系副词when, where, why；在什么样的情况下用关系代词that/which。

具体地说在以下三种情况中：

1. 当先行词是表示时间的名词，在从句中作状语，这时用关系副词when；在从句中作主语，宾语时，

用关系代词that/which。例如：

a) I will remember the day when I joined the Party.

b) I will remember the day that/which we spent together.

2. 当先行词是表示地点的名词，在从句中作状语，这时用关系副词where；在从句中作主语，宾语

时，用关系代词that/which。例如：

a) This is the house where I was born.

b) This is the house that/which I was born in.

3. 当先行词是表示原因的名词，在从句中作状语，这时用关系副词why；在从句中作主语、宾语时，用关系代词that/which。例如：

a) This is the reason why he was late.

b) This is the reason that/which he gave.

练习：

1) a) I will never forget the days ______ we studied together.

b) I will never forget the days ______ we spent together.

A. that

B. on when

C. when

D. on which

2) a) The soldiers left the village _____ they arrived yesterday evening.

b) The soldiers started from the village _____ they stayed yesterday.

A. on which

B. that

C. at which

D. where

3) a) This is the reason _____ he explained to us at the meeting yesterday.

b) The reason _____ he was late was still unclear.

A. on which

B. that

C. for that

D. why

十一、是并列句还是定语从句：

① The old man has two sons and both of _____ are doctors.

1.

② The old man has two sons, both of _____ are doctors.

在第一组句子中，①句中有个连词and，是并列句，故用人称代词them；②句中没有连词and，是个定语从句，又因先行词two sons是人，故用关系代词whom即：

① The old man has two sons and both of them are doctors

② The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.

① I have two pens, but neither of _____ writes well.

2.

② I have two pens, neither of _____ writes well.

在第一组句子中，①句中有个连词but,是并列句，故用人称代词them；②句中没有连词but，是个定语从句，又因先行词two pens是物，故用关系代词which即：

① I have two pens, but neither of them writes well.

② I have two pens, neither of which writes well.

结论：在并列句中，我们用人称代词来代替前面的人或物；在定语从句中，我们用关系代词来指代前面的人或物。(注：并列句可以用并列连词如and, but, or, so等连接，也可以用“；”或“.”来连接。)

练习：

1. a) Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.

b) Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt it very much.

A. it

B. that

C. but

D. which

2. a) Luckily, we’d brought a road map, without ____ we would have lost our way.

b) Luck ily, we’d brought a road map and without ____ we would have lost our way.

A. it

B. that

C. this

D. which

3. a) The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, ____ is often the

case in other countries.

b) The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, and ____ is often

the case in other countries.

A. as

B. that

C. so

D. it

4. a) He has two sons, _____ are college students.

b) He has two sons, and _____ are college students.

A. both of which

B. both of whom

C. both of them

D. both of that

5. a) She has two skirts, _______ were bought last summer.

b) She has two skirts. _______ were bought last summer.

A. Both of which

B. both of them

C. both of which

D. Both of them

十二、相似定语从句：

①Is this the factory _____ you worked in last year? 这是你去年工作的那家工厂吗？

②Is this factory ______ you worked in last year? 这家工厂是你去年工作的那家工厂吗？

③Is this the factory _____ you worked last year? 这是你去年工作的那家工厂吗？

④Is this factory ______ you worked last year? 这家工厂是你去年工作的那家工厂吗？

解析：乍一看这四个句子一样，细看它们是不一样的。做这四个句子的关键是：把它们还原成陈述句。

①This is the factory_____ you worked in last year.

②This factory is ______ you worked in last year.

③This is the factory_____ you worked last year.

④This factory is______ you worked last year.

①句先行词是the factory，是物，在从句中作worked in的宾语，故用that或which。所以①句填that/which。

②句中少了先行词the one，指代the factory，又因为one是不定代词，故只能用that。所以②句填the one that。

③句先行词是the factory，是物，在从句中作状语，故用where，所以③句填where。

④句中少了先行词the one，指代the factory，是物，在从句中作状语，用where，所以④句填the one where。

练习：

1. 1) Is this flat _______ you once lived in?

2) Is this the only flat _______ you once lived in?

3) Is this the flat _______ you once lived?

4) Is this the flat in _______ you once lived?

5) Is it in this flat _______ you once lived?

A. which

B. where

C. that

D. the one

2. 1) _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

2) _____ who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.

3) _____ who leave the room last ought to turn off the lights.

A. Anyone

B. Who

C. Those

D. Whoever

3. 1) _____ we all know, China is rich in natural resources.

2) _____ is well-known that China is rich in natural resources.

3) _____ is well-known is that China is rich in natural resources.

4) _____ China is rich in natural resources is well-known.

A. What

B. As

C. It

D. That

十三、定语从句和同位语从句的区别：

名词后既可跟定语从句，也可跟同位语从句，我们可以从以下三个方面加以区别：

1.作用不同。定语从句是修饰和限定某一名词或代词的从句；同位语从句是补充说明某一名词，表

述该名词的具体内容的从句。

①The news that we heard was true.

我们听到的消息是真的。（定语从句，修饰The news。）

②The news that we won the game was true.

我们赢得比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句，补充说明The news的内容。）

2.功能不同。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，引导词在从句中充当成分（主，宾或状）；同

位语从句则由连词that引导，引导词在从句中不充当任何句子成分。

①The news that we heard was true.

我们听到的消息是真的。（定语从句，that作宾语。）

②The news that we won the game was true.

我们赢得比赛的消息是真的。（同位语从句，that不作句子成分。）

3.将“名词+that”结构取出，能在名词和that之间加上be动词构成一个表语从句的，就是同位语从

句，否则就是定语从句。

上面的第一句前半部分可改为：

The news was that we heard.

（消息是我们听到。不是个完整的句子，故为定语从句）

上面的第二句前半部分可改为：

The news was that we won the game.

（消息是我们赢得了比赛。是个完整的句子，故为同位语从句）

练习：

1) The news ______ he told me is true.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. A & B

2) The news ______ he has just died is true.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. A & B

3) The problem ______ we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. A & B

4) The problem ______ how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. /

5) Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

6) It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities, this is the information ____ has been put forward.

A. what

B. that

C. when

D. as

7) She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

8) I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.

A. it

B. which

C. this

D. that

十四、定语从句与强调句型的区别：

定语从句与强调句的区别是：

1) 在定语从句中，一般使用关系代词that，which，who，whom或关系副词when，where，why等来引导，其中关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语，关系副词作状语，先行词一般是名词或名词短语；2) 而在强调句中则主要使用关系词that（若被强调的部分是人时，也可用who，whom），其在从句中不作成分，被强调的部分是主语，宾语，状语，可以由名词、代词、副词、介词短语或从句等来充当。有时强调句在形式上和定语从句、状语从句很相似。我们除了从意思上进行区分外，还能根据强调句的结构特点来进行判断。

区别它们最简单的方法：去掉It is/was...that...的结构后，句子仍然是个完整的句子，那么就是强调句。试比较：

①It is a question that needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。（定语从句）

②It is novels that Miss Wang enjoys reading. 王小姐喜欢看的是小说。（强调句）

练习：

1) It is this street _______ I happened to meet him.

It is in this street ______ I happened to meet him.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. from which

2) It is in the cinema _______ I met him.

It is in the cinema _______ door faces west.

A. that

B. where

C. whose

D. which

3) Was it in the cinema ______ Smith met you ______ you saw the film?

A. that, that

B. whom, then

C. where, that

D. which, where

4) Where did you find Tom? It was in the office _______he worked.

A. this

B. which

C. where

D. /

5) Was it in the street ______ our school is located in ______ the car accident happened?

A. where; that

B. where; which

C. that; which

D. which; that

6) It was the training _____ he had as a young man _____ made him such a good engineer.

A. what; that

B. that; what

C. that; which

D. which; that

7) It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me at that time.

A. what; that

B. that; that

C. what; what

D. that; what

8) It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives, but what we do c onsistently.

A. which

B. that

C. how

D. when

9) It was on a cold winter night ______ Tom was waiting for his girlfriend to see a movie with him _______ the accident occurred.

A. which; that

B. that; that

C. that; which

D. when; that

10) It was in the hotel ______ he stayed ______ I met him this morning.

A. that; which

B. when; that

C. that; where

D. where; that

十五、定语从句与作定语或状语的短语间的转化：

定语从句与作定语或状语的短语之间进行转化时，限定性定语从句仍需要转化成限定性的，非限定性的仍需要转化为非限定性的。定语从句与分词的转化分为以下几种情况：

1. 直接转化为-ing或-ed 形式

这种形式只需去掉定语从句中的who/which is/was/are/were即可。如：

①The girl who is dancing now just returned from Taiwan. 现在正在跳舞的那位姑娘刚从台湾回来。

→The girl dancing now just returned from Taiwan.

②Lessons which are learned easily are soon forgotten. 容易学习的功课很快就会忘了。

→Lessons learned easily are soon forgotten.

③I love the stories which were written by Mo Yan. 我喜欢莫言写的小说。

→I love the stories written by Mo Yan.

2. 将动词的形式重新进行-ing形式转化

①The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year. 每年学习汉语的人数都在增加。

→The number of people learning Chinese rises each year.

②That is my home which stands at the top of the mountain. 那就是我的家，座落在山顶上。

→That is my home standing at the top of the mountain.

③My sister, who lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing. 我姐姐在法国住过多年，现在住在北京。

→My sister, having lived in France for ages, now lives in Beijing.

→Having lived in France for ages, my sister now lives in Beijing.

④Jenny, who had folded the letter, put it carefully in her pocket. 詹妮叠好信小心地放进了衣兜里。

→Jenny, having folded the letter, put it carefully in her pocket.

→Having folded the letter, Jenny put it carefully in her pocket.

⑤Charles, who was a brave man, returned to France. 勇敢的查里斯回到了巴黎。

→Being a brave man, Charles returned to France.

⑥My mother, who hasn’t been used to living in the city, has made up her mind to settle in the country.

我妈妈由于不习惯于住在城市，决定到乡村定居。

→My mother, not having been used to living in the city, has made up her mind to settle in the country.

→Not having been used to living in the city, my mother had made up her mind to settle in the country.

练习：

1) I met the boy who is named Tom.

→I met the boy ______ Tom.

2) The girl who is standing under the tree is my girlfriend.

→The girl ______ under the tree is my girlfriend.

3) Mr. Smith, who was praised by the leader, was very happy.

→Mr. Smith, ______ by the leader, was very happy.

4) Tom, who has lived in Lianyungang for 10 years, is one of my best friends.

→Tom, ______ in Lianyungang for 10 years, is one of my best friends.

5) The twins, who often live in Beijing, come from Shenyang.

→The twins, ______ in Beijing, come from Shenyang.

6) The boy, who hadn’t been to Beijing, was surprised at everything he saw.

→_____________ to Beijing, the boy was surprised at everything he saw.

高考英语试题单项填空分类汇编——定语从句

2020年高考英语试题单选分类

1. （20江苏卷）21. Many lessons are now available online, from ______ students can choose for free.

A. whose

B. which

C. when

D. whom