高一主语从句和同位语从句

同位语
{ I don’t know about the fact that he is a
teacher.
I don’t know about the man, Mr. White.
名词性从句
定义
• 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses) • 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在 复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同 位语等 • 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名 词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句。
3. discuss 后的宾语从句 We discussed _____ we should accept his offer. 4. 介词后的宾语 It all depends on _____they will support us. 5. Whether or not I don’t know ____ or not he is well.
注: 1. 同 位语从句多用that 引导 2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语 从句. I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.
I have heard the news that he visited our factory . I have heard the news that he told you the other day . 同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 1 同位语从句——that 无含义，无成分， 只连接 定语从句 —— that 有含义，做成分 2同位语从句——和名词是同位关系，补充说明 定语从句 ——和名词修饰，限定 3同位语从句——that 不能省 定语从句 ——that 在从句中作宾语时，可以省
主谓一致问题
从句作主语 ，谓语动词一般用单数 • What引导的主语从句，可根据what 所 代表的概念决定 _is_ • What he needs---- that book. • What he needs are some books. __
Appositive Clauses 同位语从句
That the earth is round _____________________ is known to all. (地球是圆的)
What surprises us ________________________ is that computers can recognize human voices. (让我们感到惊讶的是电脑能分辨人的声 音。)
Practice :判断下列各句是同位语 从句还是定语从句
• 1.They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again. 同位语从句 • 2. The hope that she expressed is that they would come to visit China again. 定语从句 • 3.The fact that she works hard is well known 同位语从句 • to us all. 同位语从句 • 4. I can't stand the terrible nFra Baidu bibliotekise that she is crying loudly.
1. 连接词 2. 语序 陈述语序 3. 宾语从句的时态 和主句的大时 态保持一致
名词性从句中的连接词有:
从属连词: that / whether /if / as if(though) 连接代词: what / who/ which(哪一个） / whose/ whom whatever / whoever / whichever/ whosever /whomever 连接副词: where / when / why / how wherever / whenever/whyever/however
In other words
主语 是个句子 这个句子被叫做 主语从句 表语 宾语 同位语
分类
主语从句 subject clause 宾语从句
object clause
名词性从句 noun clause
表语从句
predicative clause
同位语从句
appositive clause
名词性从句的注意事项
n.+ 连接词 + 从句其他成分
通常修饰抽象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ； problem ；news； Hope, oder, thought 对名词作进一步解释说明. 汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。 The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…
【特别提醒】
what, whoever, whatever, whichever等 引导的主语从句不宜用it作形式主语。 What is worth doing is worth doing well. Whatever was said here has left us much to think.
常见的结构：
1. It is +名词+ that 从句
It is a fact ( shame, pity, no wonder, good news…..) that
2. It is +形容词+that 从句 It’s possible/ important/ necessary/ strange/ likely/ wonderful that… 3.It is +Ved+ that 从句 It’s said/ reported/believed that..据说 /据报道… 4. it+不及物动词+that 从句 It seems/ appears/ happens / occurs/ matters that…
• what, which(哪一个） • 主，宾，表，定 • who 主语，表语 • whom 宾语 • whose 定语 • when ,where, why ,how状语
连接词之间的区别
whether/ if 区别
表示是否只用whether不用if 1. 引导各种从句 (否定的宾语从句用 if） 2. 后接动词不定式 He seemed undecided _____ to go or stay.
名词性从句
• 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 主语
{ What he does is important
His job is important.
.
表语
{
This is his job.
This is what he does every day.
宾语
{
I don’t like his job. I don’t like what he does every day.
他是否胜利还有一些疑问 • There is some doubt whether he will win • There is no doubt that he will win • I am sure that he will win. • I am not sure whether he will win.
连接词
如何选择连接词？ 1.看含义 缺什么含义选什么词 2. 看成分 缺成分(除状）连接代词 缺状语 连接副词 3.缺是否含义 whether/ if 什么不缺用that （含义，成分）
that
无含义，无成分，只连接。 that 在某些宾语从句中可以省略，其他从句 不能省略
Whether/ if 是否
6. Whether or no 总之 无论如何,不论是否 Whether or no it rains, it doesn’t concern me.
总结： If 常用在一些宾语从句中。 在宾语从句中做discuss, 介词宾语， 或与or not 连用必须用whether.
that 和what的区别 什么不缺用that what “……的事（物，时间，地 点，人物等）不同概念。
Subject Clauses 主语从句
主语从句
主语从句 结构：
连接词
+从句其他成分+ 主句谓语和主句其他部分
_____we shall be late is certain.（that不能 省）
It’s certain that we shall be late.
It 做形式主语
It 做形式主语 避免头重脚轻
Wh- 和wh-ever的区别
What who 等 指具体的人或物 有特定的范围 Whatever, whoever 等 表示任何一个人或事 物，无范围，语气强烈 No matter who 等 在从句中 只做状语，不能 做其他成分。 _______comes to the door, tell him I am out. ____ will be elected the president doesn’t make much difference to me.