动词不定式与动名词用法总结

动词不定式与动名词用法总结

一动词不定式作主语

(1) （1）To learn a foreign language is not easy.

主语

It（形式主语）is not easy to learn a foreign language(真正主语)

It takes / took me 3 hours to read English

It is not difficult for us to learn a foreign language

It’s kind of you to help me with my English .

1 It＋is＋形容词（表示人的性格品质）＋of sb＋to do

2 It＋is＋形容词（表示做某事是怎么样）＋for sb＋to do

注（1）当形容词表示人的性格品质时，逻辑主语由of引出,

如：kind，nice, good, polite, clever, careful，careless，foolish，（2）当形容词表示做某事是怎么样时逻辑主语由for引出.

如：difficult, hard , easy, important, dangerous possible

二动词不定式宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。

want to do agree to do hope to do decide to do

prefer to do plan to do offer to do would like to do

Kevin planned to visit his uncle

三动词不定式做宾语补足语

tell sb + to do ask sb + to do want sb + to do

order sb + to do invite sb + to do warn sb + to do

I tell him not to go there by bus ．

四：定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。

例: I have a lot of work to do．

点击规律: 动词不定式若在句中作定语, 常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系, 且动词是不及物动词, 切记不要忘掉后面的介词。

如I have a small chair to sit on．(sit on the chair)

There aren’t enough rooms to live in. (live in enough rooms)

五作状语

A .目的状语.（1）I come to see you．

（2 ）He runs fast in order to get there in time．

b. 原因状语: 放在sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed，excited等词后面。对其进行

补充说明, 作形容词补足语）

如：I am glad to see you here．I am sorry to trouble you．六动词不定式表语: 放在连系动词be后面(be +adj + to do)

例句: His wish /hope is to become a scientist．. My work is to clean the street .

七: “疑问词＋不定式”用法

不定式前可带what，who，which，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。

例: He didn’t tell me where to go. (直宾)

I don’t know what to say now.(宾语)

I don't know what to do next. (宾语）

He taught us how to use the computer．(宾语补足语)

九重点句型：

要注意如下两个句型的用法，后面的to+V（原形）都是做状语。

A. …too + adj / adv + to +do .. 太…而不能….

B. + adj / adv + enough to +do 足够….干…

它们是简单句，还可以so ---- that +从句互相转换。

So + adj (many/much/ little /few )+ n (名词) +that +从句

Such+ a/an +adj + (单数可数名词) + that +从句

如此…以致于…..（以上都是复合句）

Eg: 1. 他是如此的年轻而不能去上学.

A. He is so young that he ca n’t go to school.

=B. He is such a young boy that he ca n’t go to school.

=C. He is too young to go to school

=D. He isn’t old enough to go to school.

2）、不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:

1、why not do 或Why don't you do之后。

2、在固定词组had better do 否定形式是had better not do sth.

例如: You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。

It's cold outside. You'd better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。

3、在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,跟不带to的不定式作宾补。

•let /make/have sb do 让某人做某事

•see /watch sb do 看见某人做过某事

•hear sb do听见某人做过某事

感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel后既可+to do，也可跟v-ing作宾补，

see/ hear do 看见/听见某人做过某事（前者表示动作的全部过程已结束）；

see /hear sb doing看见/听见某人正做过某事（后者表示动作正在进行）

十：动名词

like/love +doing喜欢做某事practice +doing 练习做某事keep +doing 一直做某事finish +doing 完成做某事enjoy + doing 喜欢做某事mind +doing 介意做某事be busy + doing 忙于做某事

can’t help +doing 情不自禁做某事be worth doing 值得去做某事spend…..in doing sth 花时间去做某事feel like + doing 想要做某事

find sb doing 发现某人在做某事

hate doing 憎恨做某事imagine doing 想象做某事

avoid doing 避免做某事go swimming 去游泳

prefer doing to doing 喜欢前者胜于后者have fun（有乐趣的doing sth

十一介词后+doing

be good at +doing 擅长做某事do well in +doing 擅长做某事

what /how about +doing 做某事怎么样give up +doing 放弃做某事

thanks for +doing 因做某事而感谢be interested in+doing 对某事感兴趣

stop sb from +doing 阻止某人去做某事make a contribution to+doing 为………做贡献look forward to +doing 盼望做某事give one’s life to doing 献身于做某事