约克安特卫普规则(中英对照)教学文稿

约克安特卫普规则1994（YORK-ANTWERP RULES, 1994）

In the adjustment of general average the following Rules shall apply to the exclusion of any Law and Practice inconsistent therewith.

共同海损理算，适用下列规则，凡与这些规则相抵触的法律和惯例都不适用。

Except as provided by the Rule Paramount and the numbered Rules, general average shall be adjusted according to the lettered Rules.

除首要规则和数字规则已有规定者外，共同海损应按字母规则理算。

RULE PARAMOUNT首要规则

In no case shall there be any allowance for sacrifice or expenditure unless reasonably made or incurred. 牺牲或费用，除合理做出或支付者外，不得受到补偿。

RULE A规则A

There is a general average act when, and only when, any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure.

只有在为了共同安全，使同一航程中的财产脱离危险，有意而合理地做出特殊牺牲或支付特殊费用时，才能构成共同海损行为。

General average sacrifices and expenditures shall be borne by the different contributing interests on the basis hereinafter provided.

共同海损牺牲和费用，应按下列规定，由各分摊方分摊。

RULE B规则B

There is a common maritime adventure when one or more vessels are towing or pushing another vessel or vessels, provided that they are all involved in commercial activities and not in a salvage operation.

如果船舶拖带或顶推其他船舶而它们都从事商业活动而不是救助作业，则处于同一航程之中。

When measures are taken to preserve the vessels and their cargoes, if any, from a common peril, these Rules shall apply.

如果所采取的措施是为了使这些船舶及其货物（如果有）脱离共同危险，则应适用本规则。

A vessel is not in common peril with another vessel or vessels if by simply disconnecting from the other vessel or vessels she is in safety; but if the disconnection is itself a general average act the common maritime adventure continues.

如果一艘船舶只要脱离其他船舶便能获得安全，则同其他船舶不处于共同的危险之中，但如果脱离本身是共同海损行为，则共同航程继续存在。

RULE C规则C

Only such losses, damages or expenses which are the direct consequence of the general average act shall be allowed as general average.

只有属于共同海损行为直接后果的损失或费用，才应作为共同海损。

In no case shall there be any allowance in general average for losses, damages or expenses incurred in respect of damage to the environment or in consequence of the escape or release of pollutant substances from the property involved in the common maritime adventure.

环境损害或因同一航程中的财产漏出或排放污染物所引起的损失或费用不得认作共同海损。Demurrage, loss of market, and any loss or damage sustained or expense incurred by reason of delay, whether on the voyage or subsequently, and any indirect loss whatsoever, shall not be admitted as general average.

不论是在航程中或其后发生的滞期损失、行市损失和任何因迟延所遭受的损失或支付的费用以及任何间接损失都不得认作共同海损。

RULE D规则D

Rights to contribution in general average shall not be affected, though the event which gave rise to the sacrifice or expenditure may have been due to the fault of one of the parties to the adventure, but this shall not prejudice any remedies or defences which may be open against or to that party in respect of such fault.

即使引起牺牲或费用的事故，可能是由于航程中某一方的过失所造成的，也不影响要求分摊共同海损的权利，但