增词法

He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡

He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 他让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪

在部队服役几年会使杰弗逊成长为一名真正的男 子汉
增加副词
根据原文的上下文，有些动词在一定场合可增加适 当的副词，才能确切表达原意

The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐地散开了 As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.
3. 在抽象名词后增加名词
某些由动词或形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可根据上 下文在其后面增添适当的名词，使译文更合乎规范

After all preparations were made, our meeting will begin.
一切准备工作就绪以后，会议就开始

They wanted to easy the tension in the Middle East. 他们试图缓解中东的紧张局势

原文全句应是：The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were ready to serve their own mistress.
增补原文含蓄条件句中的省略部分

He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequences. 他了解到忠于肯尼迪的那些人在消极反对 他， 但是如果他们公开反对，那就会产生 可怕的后果。


根据句法上的需要
增补原文句中的省略部分


-Is this your book?
这是你的书吗？
是我的。 -Yes, it is. Yes, it is= Yes, it is mine.
• Rebecca: “What! Don’t you love him?” • Amelia: “Yes, of course, I do.”
在观看足球比赛之后，他得参加一个重要会议
增加形容词
根据原文的上下文，有些动词在一定场合可增加适 当的形容词

With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!
中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！

Several years’ service in the army will make a man of Jefferson.


（2）动词或动作名词中
Has a rest 休息一下 Have a quarrel 吵了一番
增加背景词

反映上下文，便于读者理解

In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. 四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了 出去；到了七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回 来。

不要认真嘛！我不过是开个玩笑罢了！

As for me,I didn’t agree from the very beginning.
我呢，一开始就不赞成。
增加量词

（1）数词与可数名词连用
A bike 一辆自行车
A full moon 一轮满月 A mouth 一张嘴 A bad dream 一场噩梦

美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。
增加承上启下的词

For mistakes had been made, bad ones.

因为已经犯了许多错误，而且还是很糟的 错误。
Yes, I like Chinese food. Lots of people do these days, sort of the fashion. 不错，我喜欢中国菜。现在很多人喜欢中 国菜，这种情况算是有点赶时髦吧！

增加概括词
“两人”、“双方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”


Russia, the United States,Britain and France
俄、美、英、法四国

The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages.
• 莉贝嘉：“怎么？难 道你不喜欢他了？” • 艾米丽：“我当然爱 他。”
Yes, of course, I do. = Yes, of course I love him.
增补原文句中所省略的动词

Reading makes a full man; conference (…) a ready man; writing (…) an exact man.
To persuade说服 To prepare 准备 Backward 落后 Tense 紧张 Antagonistic 敌对 Redundant 多余
Arrogant自满
Mad 疯狂
Arrogance 自满情绪
Madness 疯狂行为
4. 在具体名词后增加名词
当具体名词表达一种抽象概念时，译文中也常根据上下文 增加一些适当的名词
Amplification
根据意义上或修辞上的需要
根据句法上的需要
增加动词
根据意义上的需要，可以在名词前后增加动词

He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.
他没有致闭幕词就宣布会议结束

After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.

Day after day he came to his work—sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活—扫地，擦地板，收拾房间
2. 在形容词前增加名词

This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这部打字机真是价廉物美
增加表示名词复数的词
1.
增加重叠词表示复数

Flowers bloom all over the yard.
朵朵鲜花开满了庭院

There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.
一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的
2. 增加数词或其他词表示复数

A new kind of aircraft—small, cheap, pilotless— is attracting increasing attention.
一种新型的飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—它体积小，价 格低，无人驾驶

The old lady was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 那个老太太满脸皱纹，皮肤很黑，头发灰白稀疏

The lion is the king of animals.
狮子是百兽之王

The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.
群山已在山谷中开始投下蔚蓝色长影
增加时态的词
过去
正在、在、着
将来
曾、过、已经、了
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人 准确。

(…)→增补“使人”，使句式更工整
增补原文比较句中的省略部分

The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她，就像他们愿意服侍他 们的女主人一样。

强调时间对比 I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.

我的获释是他成全的，对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。
增加语气助词
的、吧、呢、啊、呀、嘛、吗、啦、了、罢了、而已
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้

表达原作意义+增加修辞色彩

Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.
To innovate革新 To evolve 进化
Innovation 革新措施 Evolution 进化过程
To solve
To derive
解决
推导
Solution
解决方法
Derivation 推导过程 Persuasion说服工作 Preparation准备工作 Backwardness 落后状态 Tension 紧张局势 Antagonism 敌对状态 Redundancy 多余信息

他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完
增加名词
1.
在不及物动词后面增加名词
英语中有些动词在当作不及物动词用时，宾语实际上是隐 含在动词后面的，译成汉语时往往需要把它表达出来

Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia. 玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活
现在
将、就、要、会、便

强调时间概念：

I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered
unimportant. But this time I was.

以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时，我会
感到高兴。但这次情况确是如此。