倒装句

倒装

英语句子的基本语序是”主语+谓语”,称作自然语序(Nature Order) . 如果将谓语的全部或部分移至主语之前,这种语序称作倒装语序(Inverted Order)。

倒装的原因，一是句子结构的需要，如某些疑问句、感叹句以及表示祝愿的句子，二是为了强调某个句子成分。

倒装有两种：将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称为全部倒装（Full Inversion）; 有时只将部分谓语（如助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前，称为部分倒装（Partial Inversion）.

一．全部倒装

全部倒装的句子结构：谓语+主语,这种倒装通常都是单个的谓语动词，倒装的时候不用进行时、完成时等时态，也不用助动词do，did等。

1.以引导词there开首的倒装句：

表示存在的there be 句型，主语在be之后。除be外，还可以使用lie , live , come , exist , sit , stand , remain 等vi。

Eg: Sometimes , there are just two chairs and a table .

There exists an ancient temple in this town , which attracts visitors .

South of the river lies a small factory.

2.以地点或时间副词开首的倒装句：

以地点副词here，there等，时间副词then，now，next等开头的倒装句，其谓语动词通常是be , come , go , follow 等vi.

Eg: Now comes your turn.

Here’s some good news .

3.以方位副词开首的倒装句：

以ahead , away , back , down , in ,off , out , up , on the wall等表示方位的副词开头的倒装句，其谓语动词通常为come , go , fly , rush 等表示移动的动词。倒装会使叙述显得更加生动.

Eg: Ahead walked the tiger.

On the wall hang two pictures ,whose value is beyond what we can imagine.

4.以介词短语开首的倒装句：

当一个句子没有宾语，或主语比较长，或为了强调状语，常可将作状语的介词短语放在句首，同时把谓语放在主语前.

Eg: Out of the room came an old woman.

At he foot of the mountain lies a village.

5.以现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等开首的倒装句：

现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词等有时可移到句首，来对动作或状态加以强调.

Lying on the floor was a litter boy.

Seated on the grass are a group of young students.

6.such置于句首时：

此句型中国的such多被认为是表语，所以，such后的be动词应与其后的“真正主语”保持一致.

Such are the facts; no one can deny them .

二．部分倒装：

部分倒装的结构：助动词/情态动词/系动词be+主语+（主要动词）

1.以否定词语开首的倒装句：

(1)以not , never , little , few , seldom , hardly , scarcely , nowhere , at no time , by no means , in no way , in

no situation , on no account , under no circumstances , not until , no sooner , not only……but (also)……,neither……nor……等开头的句子常用部分倒装语序.

Eg : As soon as she arrived in London ,she telephoned her parents .

The moment she got to London ,she called her parents .

On arriving in London , she gave her parents a ring .

On arrival in London, she made a phone call to her parents .

No sooner had she reached London than she rang up her parents .

Hardly had she arrived in London when she phoned her parents .

Attention : 当not否定主语或not only…..but also连接两个并列主语时,不用倒装

语序.

Eg: Not a word was said .

Not only the children but also the grown-ups are interested in this TVplay.

2. 以”only + 状语”开首的倒装句：

“only+状语（副词/介词短语/状语从句）”置于句首，通常引起部分倒装,只把谓语的一部分（多为

助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前

Eg : Only then did he realize that he had made a mistake .

Only in this way can we solve this problem.

Only when you have seen what he or she does ,can you cover a story by yourself .

Attention : (1) 在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分没有助动词，则需找助动词来“帮助”构成倒装句。

Eg: Only after the war did he learn the sad news .

(2)only修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。

Eg: Only when he returned did we find out the truth.

(3) only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。

Eg: Only he can answer the question.

2.六个重要的固定句型：

（1）…..so + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“…….也是如此”

Eg: They love having lots of friends ; so do those with disabilities .

使用特点：

a.此句型也可写成“it is the same with ………” , 或“so it is with ….. “

Eg: They love having lots of friends ; it is the same with those with disabilities /so it is with those with

disabilities .

b.如果句意不是“….. 也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和（此时的so=friend）,那么，

句子不可使用倒装式。试比较：

Eg: A:I was afraid . .(句中的I指的是说话者A)

-------- B: So was I （I指的是B,此句意为：I was afraid，too）

A: I was afraid . (I指的是A)

---------B: So you were . (you指的也是A，此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.) 再比较几个句子：

A：It is hot . -------- B: So it is .

A: He is lazy . -------- B: So is she .

(2) ……; neither (nor) +be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“……也不这样”

Eg: Lily can’t ride ; neither (nor) can Lucy .