飞机起落架设计中英文对照

Aircraft Landing Gear Layouts 飞机起落架设计（中英文对照图）

发布人：圣才学习网发布日期：2010-06-25 14:36 共292人浏览[大] [中] [小] Most aircraft today have three landing gear．

许多现代飞机使用三点式起落架。

Two main landing gear struts located near the middle of the aircraft usually support about 90% of the plane’s weight while a smaller nose strut supports the rest．

重心附近的两个大的主轮，承担约90% 的重量，小轮子承担余下部分。

This layout is most often referred to as the "tricycle" landing gear arrangement．However，there are numerous other designs that have also been used over the years，and each has its own advantages and disadvantages．Let’s take a closer look at the va rious undercarriage options available to engineers．

目前的飞机以前三点起落架为主，让我们来回顾一下后三点起落架及其优缺点。（意译）

Tail wheel or Tail dragger Gear

后三点尾轮式与后三点尾橇式起落架

Though the tricycle arrangement may be most popular today，that was not always the case．The tail wheel undercarriage dominated aircraft design for the first four decades of flight and is still widely used on many small piston－engine planes．

虽然前三点起落架比较普遍，但是在几十年前的飞机，及当今的许多小型飞机是使用后三点起落架的。

The taildragger arrangement consists of two main gear units located near the center of gravity （CG）that support the majority of the plane’s weight．

后三点起落架，由两个在重心靠前位置的主轮支持大部分的飞机重量。

A much smaller support is also located at the rear of the fuselage such that the plane appears to drag its tail，hence the name．

一个非常小的尾轮装置在机身，看上去这个小轮子是被拖着走，所以，英文Taildragger 也因此而得名。

This tail unit is usually a very small wheel but could even be a skid on a very simple design．它即可以是一个小尾轮，也可以是一个尾橇。

后三点起落架

What makes this form of landing gear most attractive is its simplicity．

后三点起落架最吸引人的优点就是“简洁”。

The gear are usually relatively lightweight，and the two main gear can also be easily encased in streamlined fairings to produce low drag in flight．

后三点起落架通常重量都比较轻。两支主轮子可以配置整流置用来减小飞行中的阻力。

Another potential advantage results from the fact that the plane is already tilted to a large angle of attack as it rolls down the runway．

另一个潜在的优点，是飞机在跑道滑行时，机翼已经有一个较大的迎角。

This attitude helps to generate greater lift and reduce the distance needed for takeoff or landing．

合适的大迎角，有利于在较低的速度下产生足够的升力，以便于减少起飞滑跑距离。

This attitude is also an advantage on propeller－driven planes since it provides a large clearance between the propeller tips and the ground．对于牵引式螺旋桨飞机，机头向上抬起，使螺旋桨不会接触跑道。（意译）

Furthermore，taildragger planes are generally easier for ground personnel to maneuver around in confined spaces like a hangar．

同时，后三点起落架的飞机，更便于地勤人员把飞机拖到停机棚等窄小的空间里。

However，the greatest liability of this landing gear layout is its handling characteristics．