阅读理解(4)词义猜测

阅读理解专练——词义猜测

肖飞

I.教学内容: 词义猜测题解题方法

II.教学目标：通过这堂课，学生能用所学到的方法，掌握词义猜测题的要领2014年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生以下能力：

１、理解主旨要义；

２、理解文中具体信息；

３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；

４、作出简单判断和理解；

５、理解文章的基本结构；

６、理解作者的意图和态度。

Part 1 自主探究

题目类型：对生词的猜测；对句义的猜测

一．词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：

1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.

2. The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.

3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?

4. The underlined word “…” means ______

二．猜测词义的方法：构词法；语境法

1.Word Formation 构词法：

英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。

中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：

super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的）

re- （再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）

un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）

-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards (向)

Can you guess the meaning of the black words?

①Mary, of course you are overweight. You eat too much junk food. Even worse , you excercise infrequently.

②“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share little about their innermost feelings.”

③ With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.

Word-formation （复合法，转化法，派生法）

1. It’s true that lighthouse were built in out-of-the-way place.

2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?

3. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.

2.语境法:

(1).定义描述(2).同义反义(3).因果关系

(4).举例归纳(5).生活常识(6).上下推断

(1.)定义描述

木匠动物学家牧人夜班

① A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

②His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.

③The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

④We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week.

灌溉有牙齿的

⑤ In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.

⑥All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.

小结：定义或释义关系常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折

号来表示；或由is, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同位关系。

(2.)同义词

推迟圆胖的

①The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.

②Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

反义词

污秽的节约的

①Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

②John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.

混乱不同意天生的无辜的

③In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.

④If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent,write “no”.

⑤Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.

⑥Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.

小结：由and或or，like ,as …as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义关系；

表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。

Example：“Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.”

The underlined word roughly means ____.

A. encouraged

B. compared

C. examined

D. developed

(3)、因果关系

弹性的混浊的

①Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.

②The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.