精讲非谓语动词句法功能---强化写作

1.This cup is broken.(作表语） 2.This is a broken cup. (作定语) 3.I found the cup broken. (作宾语补足语） 4.Broken by Tom, the cup can’t be used. ( 作状语） ★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.
作结果状语）
不定式的三个结构：即否定结构、复合结构和疑问结 构。否定结构为“not (never) to do”；疑问结构是特 殊疑问词“how (what, which, who, whether…) to do”；复合结构是“for/ of +名词（或代词宾格）+ to do ”。
不定式的三个时态形式和两个被动语态形式（可记忆 为三时两语）
(2)下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语： admit, report, appreciate, deny, explain, mention, resist, stand, stop, imagine, recall, suggest, mind, finish, enjoy, keep, practise, miss, avoid, delay, excuse, escape, consider, advise等。 如：Would you mind my smoking here ? The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day． Good news keeps coming. Tina suggested spending the weekend on her farm． Have you finished correcting the students’ papers?
1. 现在分词和过去分词的用法区别。它们的用法主 要是根据动词是及物还是不及物来确定，不及物动 词根据动作完成的程度，及物动词根据语态来确定。 列表如下： 分 词
现在分词
过去分词
动词
vi.
表示 动作 进行
表示 动作 完成
vt.
表示 主动
表示 被动
分词的两个结构 否定结构：not + 分词 例如：Not having known his address, I didn’t write to him. 复合结构（独立主格结构）有两种形式： （1）名词（代词主格）+分词（只作状语）
(5)注意有些动词如：advise，permit ,allow，admit， forbid，imagine，consider接不定式与接~ing形式的不同 结构。 ①这些动词后面跟复合宾语时，用不定式作宾补。 advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／imagine ／consider…sb．to do sth． ②这些动词后面直接跟非谓语动词时，用动名词 ~doing. advise／permit／allow／admit／forbid／imagine ／consider…doing sth.
（2）with+名词（代词宾格）+分词（作状语或定语）
例：1) The day’s work done, they went home. 他 们做完一天的工作就回家了。 2) He sat there with his feet pointing to others. 他坐在那儿把脚指向别人。
非谓语动词的用法区别
(4)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式时意义不同： ①stop to do 停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事 stop doing 停下正在做的事 ②forget to do忘记做某事(此事未做) forget doing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做) 如．He forgot to post the letter when he walked past the post office． I‘ll never forget seeing him for the first time． ③remember to do记得要做某事(此事未做)/ remember doing记得某事已做过(此事已做) 如：I remember seeing her once somewhere． You must remember to take your umbrella when you leave home．
⑥mean to do (意思是)想做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 如：Revolution means librating the productive force． Sorry ,I didn't mean to hurt you． ⑦regret to do遗憾地做某事(通常后接say ,tell等动词) regret doing后悔做了某事 如：I regret to tell that you didn’t pass the exam again． He regretted having told her the bad news．
(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近：
like，love, hate, dislike, begin, start, prefer， continue, intend，attempt等. 如：I prefer making (to make) an outline before I do my oral composition ． We all like playing (to play) table tennis． Then they began making (to make) plans for the work．
主动
式
被动
式
一般时to do
to be done
进行时to be doing
完成时 to have done
无பைடு நூலகம்
to have been done
1.Swimming is his favorite sport. (作主语） 2.He enjoys swimming. (作宾语） 3.His favorite sport is swimming. (作表语） 4.I found him swimming in the river. (作宾补） 5.He is the man swimming in the river just now. (作定语） 6.Swimming in Summer, we can get cool. （作状语）
不定式和动名词作宾语
⑴.下列动词常用不定式作宾语： aim ,ask, dare ,appear, arrange ,demand, help, hesitate, pay, plan, wait, fail, seek, prepare, happen, mean, prove, expect, wish, hope, decide, refuse, offer, learn, agree, choose, promise, pretend, manage, care, determine, afford等。 如：He offered to help us . I didn't expect to find you here． They refused to accept his invitation． The little boy pretended to be asleep when his mother came in．
to be 1)We all consider John_____ (be) an honest boy. chatting 2)Our boss forbids_____ (chat) during office hours . 3)The rules do not permit playersto step ____(step) out of bounds. to explain 4)The boy begged to permit him____ (explain). living 5)The young man imagined _____(live) on a lonely island. 6) It was useless to forbid children ____(play) to play here.
但是它们之间也有细微区别： To do 指具体某次的行为常用不定式，指惯常 的行为常用~ing形式. 如：I like reading books of this kind．
(惯常行为)
I hate to say so，but really I can‘t go with you． (具体某次行为) I prefer to stay at home today． (具体某次行为) He prefers walking to cycling．(惯常行为)
不定式、分词和动名词 作定语
位置：
(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。 如：I have something important to tell you． The poor children had little to eat．
ing的时态和语态形式，以动词do为例列表如下： 时 态
语 主动 态
被动
用法
一般式
doing
being 同时/后 done（正 发生 在被） having 先发生 been done （已被）
完成式
Having done
动名词的两个结构（即否定结构和复合结构），否定 结构是not +动名词； 复合结构是：代词宾格（形容词性物主代词） + 动名 词 名词（名词所有格） 注：该结构置于句首时（作主语），只能用括号中间 的结构。作宾语两者均可。 例：1) They felt sorry for not arriving in time. （没能及时到达，他们感到很抱歉。） 2) Do you mind my /me opening the window? （我打开窗你介意吗？） 3) Our going there is allowed. （我们获准去那里。） 【注意在句首不能用us】
语法学习:写作的大两点！
非谓语动词
July 28, 2011
非谓语动词分类 不定式（to do） 动词ing -ed 形式
非谓语动词可以担当的成分

1.To see you is glad. （作主语） =It’s glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. (作宾语） 3.My hope is to see you. (作表语） 4.I want him to see you. （作宾补） 5.He is the man to see you. （作定语） 6.I’m glad to see you.（作原因状语） 7.I went to see you.（作目的状语） 8.He went so early as to see you.
④go on to do接着做另一件事 go on doing继续做同一件事 如：She stood up and shook hands with me, and then she went on writing something． AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel． ⑤try to do企图／想做某事 try doing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生) 如：We tried to persuade him to go with us, but he wouldn’t listen． Let's try doing the work some other way.