大学英语写作高分训练

大学英语写作高分训练

Cathy 大学英语考试教学已经进行了20多年，写作被放到了极其重要的位置。但是，大批高校学生在写作方面仍然面临着种种问题，比如词汇量有限、逻辑思维不严谨、结构布局混乱、英文表达苍白以及中式语言思维等问题。英语高分作文的奥秘何在？我们充分研究写作的基本技术和应试的要略并结合多年的阅卷经验，为考生推荐以下高分训练方法。

1、紧扣主题，构思简单（写什么）

英语考试一直在朝标准化客观化努力，因此英语作文部分是一种控制性写作(Controlled Writing)，往往会给出一个三点或是两点的提纲，考查的目标不是考生的思维水平或逻辑分析能力，而是考核语言表达能力。所以建议采取的措施是，简化自己的思维和分析。也就是，如何降低自己的思维水平，来迎合自己有限的语言状况。

误区一：抓笔就写，意识流，折磨阅卷老师

误区二：做深思状，掏心掏肺，其结果只是让阅卷老师无比郁闷

误区三：思想贫乏，无话可说

2004年作文题：Is Pressure a Bad Thing?

1：许多人害怕压力。

2：但是压力并不一定是坏事情。

3：如何应付压力。

2003年作文题：Shortage of Fresh Water.

1：人们以为淡水是取之不尽的。

2：实际上水是非常紧张的。

3：我们应该采取什么方法来解决这个问题。

2003年统考作文题：

目前，大学生找工作不容易。许多人呼吁老师减少传统课程，多开设一些注重培养学生实际能力的课程。谈谈你对此事的看法。2003年统考作文题：Organization Saves Time and Energy

1：学习和工作负担十分繁重。

2：如何采取措施应付这种情况。

3：合理安排时间可以提高工作效率。

综合以上分析，我们总结出审题过程中要注意的三个层面：

主题层面：文章要围绕着什么去论述？什么内容是本文的核心话题？

拓展层面：如何展开文章打通思路？题目需要我们朝哪些环节深入？

道德层面：逻辑上符合不等于道德上符合，命题者要求的思维一定具有积极健康道德的元素，立场应当尽量符合命题人的态度。

2、结构合理，框架意识（如何写）

英语写作，特别是入学考试的写作，基本属于控制命题模式。除了主题被限定以外，每一段的内容也被命题人所限定，所以考生需要做的就是按照固定模式创作。段落篇章写作就是topic sentence加上supporting detail。

1）topic sentence

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头（保险型）或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！如：

People can avoid catching a cold by taking certain precautions.

The harmfulness of examination-oriented education should not be neglected.

It is high time to take firm steps to put an end to the unhealthy trend of fake commodity.

一个有效的主题句必须包含两个要素：topic和controlling idea。例如：

People give many reasons for owning a car.

主题是“owning a car”，核心内容则是“reason”，接下来所有这一段的内容都应该围绕“reasons for owning a car”来展开。最常见的写主题句的表达有：

the reasons (causes, factors ) for the steps for (the procedure for )

the advantages of (the disadvantages of ) the ways to (the methods of )

the different sections (parts, kinds, types ) of the characteristics (traits, qualities ) of

the problems of the precautions for

Practice:

Your topic sentence should tell the reader what the paragraph is about. Read the following paragraph and decide whether the topic sentence is strong or weak. If it is a weak sentence, please replace it with a strong one.

Baseball is a popular sport in the United States. There are two teams of nine players each. Players on one team take turns batting, and the other team tries to put the batters out. The batter hits the ball and then tries to run around the bases and get “home” safel y. The other team tries to put the batter out by catching the ball before it hits the ground, throwing the ball to the base before the batter gets there or by tagging the batter with the ball. The batter can stop at any one of the three bases if it is impossible to make it “home”.

Even though the procedures followed to enroll in an American university vary according to each university, some steps are the same. First, you should contact the registration office to get the necessary forms and information concerning the entrance requirements. Then you must follow the steps outlined in their response. You will probably have to send copies of your high school diploma, get letters of recommendation, and write an essay on why you want to study there. You may have to achieve a certain score on the TOEFL test and have your scores forwarded to the university. Finally, you will have to contact the American embassy to start the procedures to obtain a student visa.

I like to go to the beach whenever I have the opportunity. I start the day by enjoying a refreshing swim. Then I walk along the beach and collect shells. Later you’ll find me relaxing in the warm sunshine and making sand castles. Then I sleep for a while before I open the basket of food and drinks that I always pack to take.

Many students cannot afford a car. The city bus services usually passes the university, so those students can get to class on the bus. Many universities have a special shuttle bus that is provided for student transportation. Some students like to ride to class on bicycles. This is good exercises. Also, it is easier to find a space to leave a bicycle than to find a parking space for a car on a crowded university campus. Those students who live close to campus or on campus can enjoy a leisurely walk to their classes.

Writing controlling ideas

1. . A classroom can give us only limited kinds of information. If we look at the beginning of civilization, for example, we will note that people back then did not have formal classrooms, yet many of them were well informed. There were no classrooms to teach the first men how to plant or how to build huts. The great early poets of the first and second centuries didn’t learn their poems in a clas sroom, nor did the women find out how to sew their clothes there.

2. . Sports can make us strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. Especially they can be of great value to people who work with their brains most of the day, for sports and games give people valuable practice in exercising the body.

3. . “ All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”, just as the saying goes. So persons of all ages enjoy watching and taking part in various kinds of sports — tack and field, skating, swimming, volleyball, basketball, football, etc.

4. . Sports demand not only physical skill and strength but also courage, enthusiasm, discipline and usually teamwork. For boys and girls, what is learned in the playground often has a deep effect on their character. If each of them learns to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will later find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.

写主题句保险的方法就是把中文提纲的各句译成英语。

Nowadays, with the advancement of modern life, a growing number of people are complaining about the fact that they are confronted with more and more burden from work as well as study.

The life pace is becoming faster and faster, so it is necessary for us to know how to deal with it.

It cannot be denied that time organization can improve efficiency.

如果要求句是英语就可以把它变成主题句，例如这样一篇作文：

Importance of good health

Ways to keep fit

My own practice