单片机控制变频器的闭环调速系统

摘要

随着电力电子技术、微机控制技术的发展，由变频器组成的异步电动机变频调速系统被广泛应用。但在一些技术要求较高的场所，对于由变频器组成的开环控制变频调速系统，其技术性能总是难以满足工程要求，达不到满意的效果。单片机因其功能全、价格低深受欢迎，因此，开发用单片机控制的变频器来实现闭环调速系统的控制将具有重要意义。

本文介绍了一种单片机控制的变频器的闭环交流调速系统，叙述了系统的硬件和软件设计方案，由80C196KB对变频调速系统进行控制，变频调速系统主要通过变频器来实现，采用PWM脉宽调制控制方式，控制系统主要控制变频器逆变电路晶闸管的导通角，实现调速。速度传感器和80C196KB 控制系统形成闭环调速系统。80C196KB通过速度传感器检测电动机转速的变化量，控制变频器的闭环调速系统，使电动机稳定运行，闭环控制方式能克服开环控制方式抗扰性能差的弱点。软件部分设计了系统的主程序、定时中断程序及键盘显示程序，并探讨了PID的控制算法及实现过程。

该系统具有较高的响应速度和良好的控制效果。由于应用了单片机，使系统具有结构简单、操作方便和运行可靠的特点。

关键词：80C196KB单片机；变频器；闭环调速系统；PID控制算法

Abstract

Along with the electric power electronic technology and the microcomputer control technology development, the frequency conversion timing system which is composed by the inverter can widely apply. But in some specific high places, regarding as the open-loop speed adjusting system which is composed by the inverter is always very difficulty with the project requestion, single-chip microcomputer is popular with the function entire and the price low. Therefore, it will be very important, the closed-loop speed adjusting system that inverter is controlled by single chip microcomputer.

The paper describes a closed-loop speed adjusting system of inverter controlled by single-chip microcomputer and introduces the system hardware constitution and software design project, the frequency conversion timing system is controlled by 80C196KB, speed adjusting system mainly realizes through the inverter, with the mode of the PWM pulse width modulation, the control system primarily controls the electric circuit thyristor break over angle of the inverter, the realization of the speed adjusting. The velocity generator and the control system of the 80C196KB form the closed-loop speed adjusting system. 80C196KB controls the inverter of the closed-loop speed adjusting system through the velocity generator examination electric motor rotational. Which enables the electric motor stable movement, the closed-loop system is better with the opened-loop in interference rejection energy. The software part has designed the system master routine and the fixed time interrupt routine and the keyboard demonstrated, and has discussed the PID control algorithm and the realization process.

The system gets high response speed and good control effect. With single chip microcomputer, the system has the features of simple structure, convenient for manipulation and running reliability.

Key words: 80C196KB single-chip microcomputer; inverter; a closed-loop speed adjusting system; PID control algorithm

目录

第1章绪论 (1)

1.1单片机的产生和发展 (1)

1.280C196KB的用途 (2)

1.380C196KB的优点 (2)

1.4本文的主要内容 (3)

第2章系统设计方案 (5)

2.1控制系统的概述 (5)

2.2单片机控制变频器的设计思想 (8)

第3章系统硬件 (10)

3.180C196KB单片机的介绍 (10)

3.1.1 80C196KB单片机引脚功能 (10)

3.1.2 时钟 (12)

3.1.3 并行I/O口 (12)

3.1.4 高速输入单元HSI (17)

3.1.5 高速输出单元(HSO) (18)

3.1.6 定时器 (19)

3.2系统外围电路的设计 (20)

3.2.1 数模转换电路的设计 (20)

3.2.2 反馈电路的设计 (22)

3.2.3 程序存储器扩展电路的设计 (24)

3.2.4 键盘/显示电路的设计 (25)

3.3变频器 (30)

3.3.1 TD3000变频器介绍 (30)

3.3.2 变频器制动电阻的选择 (32)

3.3.3 变频器应用中的干扰及抑制 (33)

第4章软件设计 (35)

4.1软件设计思想 (35)

4.2PID控制算法及实现 (36)

4.3软件编程 (37)

4.3.1 A/D变换器的编程 (37)