药学英语整理

药学英语

一、Physiology and Pathology（P9）生理学与病理学

（一）概念

1、Physiology is the scientific study of function in living systems.（ppt）the study of how living organisms work.(书里)

2、Pathology is a significant component of the causal study of disease and a major field in modern medical practice and diagnosis.(ppt)

the science of disease,which deal with the studies of etiology, pathogenesis, morphologic structures, changes in functions and metabolism in the living organisms by means of natural science.(书里) 3、Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.a convergence of Pathology with Physiology

4、etiology is the study of causation,or the origination of diseases.

5、the pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism that causes the disease.

6、inflammation is a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; (刺激）characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat. （红热胀痛）

(二)思考题

1.How do you understand pathology and pathophysiology?

Pathology is the science of disease

Pathophysiology is the study of functional changes in the body which occur in response to disease or injury.

2. what is the difference between etiology and pathogenesis?

Etiology is the study of causation, or the origination of diseases.

the pathogenesis of a disease is the mechanism that causes the disease 3. Could you explain the symptoms and signs of a disease?

symptoms of a disease(“症”): as certain biologic processes are encroached on(侵害) ,the patient begins to feel subjectively that something is wrong., These subjective feelings are called symptoms of disease.

Symptoms are subjective and can be reported only by the patient to an observer.

signs of a disease（“征”）：when manifestations of the disease can be objectively identified by an observer, these are terms signs of the disease.

4、what is the pathogenesis of tuberculosis?

the pathogenesis of tuberculosis would include the mechanisms whereby the invasion of the body by tubercle bacillus ultimately leads to the observed abnormalities

Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes in living organisms.

二、Medicinal Chemistry药物化学

(一)概念

1、Medicinal chemistry(药物化学)is the science that deal with the discovery or design of new therapeutic chemicals and the development of these chemicals into useful medicine.

2、Medicine（药品drug, pharmaceutics) is a compound that interacts with a biological system, and produces a biological response (ideally desired and positive)

3、Therapeutic index（治疗指数）sure of the ratio of undesirable to desirable drug effects. Therapeutic index=LD50/ED50

The larger the Therapeutic index, the greater the margin of safety of drug!

4、LD50（半数致死量）:the lethal dose for 50% of the test animals

5、ED50（半数有效量）:the effective dose that produces the maximum therapeutic effect in 50% of the test animals.

6、Log P（脂水分配系数）is the base-ten logarithm of the partition coefficients (分配系数)

7、Chirality（手征性）: a molecule is considered chiral if there exists another molecule that is of identical composition ,but which is arranged in a non-superposable mirror image.

8、Bioisosteres(生物电子等排体): are substituents or groups that have