药学英语名词解释整理

药学英语名词解释整理

文学1班庄亚勤

1、Homeostasis

The progress of stabilization of the internal environment is called homeostasis and is essential if the cells of the body are to function normally.

2、Super-infection

It is an infection following a previous infection, especially when caused by microorganisms that are resistant or have become resistant to the antibiotics used earlier.

3、Adverse reaction

Adverse drug reactions are unwanted effects caused by normal therapeutic dose. There are 5 types of adverse drug reactions having been proposed.

4、TI

TI refers to therapeutic index.

It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes death (in animal studies) or toxicity (in human studies).

The higher TI is, the safer the drug can be.

5、Lead compound

It is a chemical compound that has pharmacological or biological activity. The lead compound is not intended to be used as a clinical agent.

It is the starting point from which a clinically useful compound can be developed.

6、Indications

Indication is the disease that a certain drug can be used for.

Contraindication

Contraindication is the disease that a particular medicine or treatment should not ba used because it is or might be harmful.

7、LD50

The median lethal dose is the dose required to kill the half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration.

LD50 figures are frequently used as general indicator of a substance’s acute toxicity.

8、ED50

ED50 refers to effective dose for 50% of people given it.

It is commonly used as a measure of reasonable expectance of drug effect, but not necessarily the dose that a clinical might use.

9、Dose- range study

It is a clinical trial where different dose of an agent are tested against each other to establish which

dose works best or is the least harmful. Dose-range study is to estimate the response vs. dose given as to analyze the efficacy and safety of the drug.

10、Controlled study

There are many forms of controlled experiments. A relatively simple one separates research subjects or specimens into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. No treatment is given to the control group, while the experimental group is changed according to some key variable of interest and the two groups are otherwise kept under the same condition.

11、INDA(investigational new drug application)

INDA should be submitted to FDA before tests with people begin. It should include a report on toxicity and efficacy data gained from plant and animal test. In addition, a plan for clinical trial is also required. If FDA approves the INDA, the drug is allowed to test on people in clinical trials.

12、Resistance

Drug resistance is the reduction in effectiveness of a drug in curing a disease or condition.