晋西黄土区蔡家川流域景观地形分异格局研究

第27卷 第2期2005年3月

北 京 林 业 大 学 学 报JOURNAL OF BEIJING FORES TRY UNIVERSITY

Vol.27,No.2Mar.,2005

收稿日期:2004

--04--19http:P P

基金项目:/9730国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB111503)、国家科技攻关项目(2001BA510B01).

第一作者:张志,博士生.主要研究方向:林业生态工程.Email:tyrone12@ 地址:100083北京林业大学水土保持学院.

晋西黄土区蔡家川流域景观地形分异格局研究

张 志 朱金兆 朱清科 张宇清 姚爱静 曹 刚 魏 铁

(水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室)

摘要:利用山西省吉县蔡家川流域1B 10000地形图及2003年秋季时相的Quick Bird 卫星遥感影像,结合野外调查资料进行景观制图,并与数字高程模型(DE M )数据进行图层叠加分析,研究典型嵌套流域内不同景观类型随地形变化呈现出的分异特征及变化成因.结果表明:¹在较大尺度上,地形因素是本区景观分异的首要因素;º20世纪80年代以来的封山育林与生产性造林以及近年来实施的退耕还林,是局部地区景观组分在各种地形梯度上显著变化的根本原因,自然恢复过程对于这种格局变化也起到了积极的促进作用;»目前流域内人为的干扰活动主要是过度放牧,集中在自然景观与人为景观过渡的中游地带;¼在本流域高程1000~1200m 、坡度25b ~35b 、坡向半阴坡的关键地区,应采用科学的人工促进自然生态恢复措施,逐渐增加近自然景观组分,尽量减少负面的人为干扰.关键词:景观格局,地形分异,数字高程模型,人为干扰,黄土丘陵

中图分类号:S717119 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000

--1522(2005)02--0043--06ZHANG Zhi;ZHU Jin_zhao;Z HU Qing_ke;ZHANG Yu_qing;YAO Ai_jing;CAO Gang;WEI Tie.Topographic variation pattern of landscape distribution in Caijiachuan watershed ,the Loess Plateau of western Shanxi Province .Journal o f Beijing Fo restry University (2005)27(2)43

--48[Ch,14ref.]Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Combating,Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,100083,P.R.China.

Quick Bird satellite images taken in the fall of 2003,combined with field survey information and a topographic contour map (scale =1B 10000)were used for landscape mapping of the Caijiachuan watershed of Shanxi ing layer overla y analysis of the landscape pattern maps and a digital elevation model (DE M),the authors studied the distribution variation pattern of different landscape types along the topographic gradients and its causes in this typical,nested watershed.The results sho w:¹topographic characteristics are critical for the spatial variations of landscapes on a large scale map;ºthe closure of land for reforestation and productive reforestation since the 1980s and the conversion of farmlands to forestland in recent years are the primary causes for the significant variation of the elements in landscape distribution patterns along topographic gradients in local regions;furthermore,natural recovery processes also give an impulse to the change in the pattern;»the major human disturbance activity in the Caijiachuan watershed_overgrazing is centralized in the area between natural and artificial landscapes;trampling of vegetation accelerates soil erosion and water loss,to which the local government should attach much importance;¼the authors think that artificial measures should be adopted to stimulate natural regeneration,to increase the near _natural landscape elements and to reduce negative human activities in the key regions of this watershed,where the elevation is 1000~1200m and the slopes are between 25b and 35b and half_shaded.

Key words landscape pattern,topographic variation,digital elevation model,human disturbance,Loess upland

目前,在有关景观生态的研究中,地形因素的作

用已经引起广泛关注,人们采用不同的方式对地形