初中英语语法讲解动词的分类用法

动词的分类用法

【真题再现】

1. Many successful people have the same quality —they never ______ no matter what difficulties they’ve had.（2014 山西）

A. give up

B. stay up

C. cheer up

2. He told the interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (2014 黄冈)

A. put away

B. turned off

C. taken out

D. used up

3. —Another good idea! And we could each call up ten people and ask them to come.

—Hey, we’re ______ a lot of good ideas, aren’t we? (2014 黄冈)

A. getting along with

B. coming up with

C. catching up with

D. doing well in

4. As time ______, you’ll come to think of English as your friend and love it.(2014 安徽)

A. goes by

B. runs out

C. takes off

D. turns up

5. Spring has come. We can't ________ the plan. The trees must be planted this week. (2014 安顺)

A. put off

B. make up

C. come up with

D. look up

6. It ________ about eight minutes for sunlight (阳光) to travel from the sun to the earth. (2014 临沂)

A. takes

B. spends

C. costs

D. pays

7. —Don't ______ late, Mary. You have a singing competition tomorrow morning.

—Ok, dad, I'll go to bed right now. (2014 温州)

A. dress up

B. grow up

C. stay up

D. mix up

8. — Mum, shall we go to the beach tomorrow? (2015 广东)

— It ______ the weather．

A．carries on B．lives on C．depends on D．holds on

9. Our government has tried many ways to ________ the smog(雾霾) problem．Maybe we’ll have

a clear sky in the near future. (2015 哈尔滨)

A．put away B．work out C. come up

10. Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can ________ any problem you face. (2015 常州)

A. work out

B. hand out

C. find out

D. put out

11. Lao She’s Teahouse ______ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.(2015 天津)

A. describes

B. improves

C. prepares

D. corrects

12. Fresh food is good for you. But you have to _______ it first because sometimes it is a little dirty. (2015 江西)

A. taste

B. smell

C. wash

D. plant

【答案与解析】

1. A。句意：许多成功人士都具有相同的品质——无论遇到什么困难他们从不放弃。give up放弃；stay up熬夜；cheer up使……振奋，故答案为A项。

2. D。句意：他告诉记者他已经用光了买旧自行车的钱。run out of用光，用完；put away 将……收起；turn off关掉；take out拿出；use up用光，用完。根据句意，此处应该选择D 项。

3. B。句意：――还有一个好主意！那就是我们每个人可以给十个人打电话，让他们来。――嘿，我们想出了许多好主意，不是吗？get along with与……和睦相处；come up with 想出；catch up with赶上；do well in在……方面做得好。根据句意，选择B项。

4. A。句意：随着时间的推移，你会渐渐把英语视为你的朋友，并且喜欢上它。go by(时间)流逝，过去；run out用完，耗尽；take off起飞，脱下；turn up调大音量，露面。根据句意可知选A项。

5. A。句意：春天来了，我们不能推迟计划，这周必须种树。A. put off推迟，拖延，B. make up组成；化妆；编造；C. come up with想出（主意）；D. look up向上看；改善；查找。

6. A。spend的主语往往是人，句型是：sb. spends sth. on sth.(或者in doing sth.)；pay的主语也是人；当物为主语时用cost；spend和pay都是以人为主语，take的主语往往是it；take一般用在事/物花了某人多少时间(做某事)这样句式中。所以本题答案选A。

7. C。句意：——别熬夜，玛丽，你明天早上有一个歌唱比赛。——好的，爸爸。我马上去睡觉。dress up打扮；grow up 长大；stay up熬夜；mix up混淆。根据语境可知答案为C。

8. C。句意为：妈妈，我们明天去海滩吗?这取决于天气。A项意为“继续”；B项意为“以食……为生，靠……生活”；C项意为“取决于”；D项意为“坚持，别挂断”。根据语境可知，答案选C。

9. B。解析：句意：我们的政府已经尝试了很多种解决雾霾问题的方法。也许在不久的将来我们将会有一片清澈的蓝天。put away意为“收起来，放好”；work out意为“算出，解决”；comp up意为“上来，出现”。故选B。

10. A。解析：work out 解决，算出；hand out分发；find out找出；put out扑灭，根据句意“生命就像一场有麻烦的旅行，只有用关心和智慧你才能够解决你所面对的任何问题。”本题应该选A。

11. A。A选项为“描述”；B选项为“提高”；C选项为“准备”；D选项为“改正”。根据题意，可知“描述”的含义更为贴切。故答案为A。

12. C。句意：新鲜的食物对我们有好处，但是首先你还是得洗一下，因为有时候有点脏。根据题干中提到的a little dirty可知，我们首先要wash“洗”。taste品尝；smell闻；plant种植，意思均不符合，故选C。

【用法讲解】

考试要求：

主要考查实义动词（及物动词和不及物动词）, 连系动词be，feel，look，taste，smell等,助动词do/does/did和have/has及情态动词can，must，may等的用法。

This kind of cloth feels soft. 这种布料摸起来很柔软。（连系动词）

We study English. 我们学英语。（及物动词）

Birds can fly. 鸟儿能飞。（不及物动词）

I don’t like a dog. 我不喜欢狗。（助动词）

Can you come here？你能来这吗？（情态动词）

1.及物动词和不及物动词

（1）根据动词在句子中是否可以接宾语，可以把动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两种类型：可以直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词，可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词、跟复合宾语（即宾语＋宾语补足语）的及物动词等。

例如：

My brother is flying the kite on the playground.（fly后跟单宾语the kite）

我的弟弟正在操场上放风筝。