翻译课件——主汉译英Chapter 5

Chapter 5 文法、逻辑、修辞与翻 文法、逻辑、 译
写文章得注意三点：合逻辑，合文法， 较好的修辞。翻译也一样。合乎语法 的语言现象不一定符合逻辑，如汉语 “晒太阳”与“晒被褥”。符合逻辑 的表达方式不一定符合语法，如英文 “Me, too ” 可以这么说，文法是决定译文通不通 的问题，逻辑是看译文对不对的问题， 而修辞则是管译文好不好的问题。
把握修辞特点
运用比喻性词语，使语言生动、逼真、富有感染 力，是一种重要的修辞手段。只有透彻地理解 原文的语义色彩，才能恰当表达。 所有的反动派都是纸老虎。 All reactionaries are paper tiger. 阡百交通，鸡犬相闻。 It was checkered with highways and paths between the fields; cock-crow and dog-bark in one village were heard one another . 你总喜欢横挑鼻子竖挑眼，不是见鬼吗？ Isn’t it absurd of you to be always picking holes?
翻译下列句子，注意划线部分的译法：
6）画册中的错误，真如王胡棉衣里的虱子，捉也捉不干 ）画册中的错误，真如王胡棉衣里的虱子， 净。 The numerous errors in the brochure turned out to be more than one could shake a stick at. 7) 若这位市长欣欣然乘着飞机，拿着这本画册去招商引 若这位市长欣欣然乘着飞机， 那真是应了老百姓的一句粗话， 光着腚推磨， 资 ， 那真是应了老百姓的一句粗话 ， 叫 光着腚推磨 ， 转着圈儿丢人了。 转着圈儿丢人了。 If the Mayor flew around the world to invite business and procure investment with an English brochure as such ,he could get nothing from abroad ,I bet, other than ridicules and disgrace. 8) 她垂头丧气地回到家里，不管母亲说什么都不理会。 她垂头丧气地回到家里，不管母亲说什么都不理会 都不理会。 She retuned home crestfallen, turning a deaf ear to whatever her mother said.
1 . This factory has a staff of 500 people, including 200 men-workers ,250 womenworkers and 48 carders and functionaries. 2.The inhabitants of that scenic isle, male and female, old and young, are good at singing and dancing. 3.He is awakened to the fact that he can hardly make a man of his son who is as timid as rabbit. 4.Will her status as a Chinese citizen be affected if she marries an American ? 5.A new situation is emerging in China’s economic and technical exchange and cooperation with other countries.
下面的汉英表达法，反映出汉英不 同的思维和语言逻辑：
1． 2． 3． 4． 5． 6． 7． 8． 9． 10. 免费入场 —— entrance free 座钟 ______ standing clock 挂钟 ______ wall clock 太平门______emergency exit 教练车 ______student vehicle /training vehicle 九五折_______5 percent discount 母细胞 ______parent cell 子细胞 ______daughter cell 田径项目_____ track and field event 自言自语______think aloud
9) 我当时是说着玩的，他就认真了。这不正应了 那句话：“言者无心，听者有意”。 I was only joking, but he took it to heart. Just as an old saying goes, “Fra Baidu bibliotekA casual speaker’ remark may sound deliberate to a suspicious listener.” 10) 这件事情你责怪他是找错了对象，他与此事 毫无关系。 In blaming him for what had happened, you were indeed barking up the wrong tree. He had nothing whatever to do with the affair.
表达确切
1. 词语的增减与置换 绍兴是越瓷的产地 Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelain. Yue is a state name used to refer to the Shaoxing region in ancient China. 在一次交通事故中，他幸免于难，可脸部留下 在一次交通事故中， 他幸免于难， 了累累伤痕。 了累累伤痕。 He survived the traffic accident ,but his face was badly scarred. 玉林一行不会使你失望。 玉林一行不会使你失望。 A tour to Yulin will be a most rewarding experience.
1．文法与翻译 ． 文法包括字法、句法和章法等。汉译英 中的文法问题包括汉语原文的语法和英 语译文的语法，前者涉及理解，后者涉 及表达。
1）借您的词典用用好吗？ May I use your dictionary? 2） 坐 在 花 园 的 篱 笆 旁 ， 一 只 黄 蜂 刺 了 我 一 下 。 Sitting against a fence in my garden, I was stung by a wasp. 3）昨晚他们家被偷了。 Their house was robbed last night . 4）聚也不易，散也不易。 It is not easy to gather, nor is it to part with each other. 5）-市政府终于批准了建设高科园的资金项目。 -差不多是时候了。不知为什么拖了这么长时间。 The municipal government has finally voted the funds for building a high-tech park.
2．逻辑与翻译 ．
思维逻辑与语言逻辑 思维逻辑指人的思维方式在语言中的 反映。各民族有着其独特的思维方式， 每一种语言都有其内在的逻辑。翻译 时，不要把原语的逻辑强加给译文读 者。 如： 大熊猫一胎产仔二只。 An adult female giant panda gives birth to two cubs at a time.
Chapter 4: Comprehension and presentation.
Language is a symbol. The theory of Semiotic triangle put forward by C.K Ogden and I.A Richards shows that it is important to know the deep or true meaning of the originals. (切忌不求甚解，望文生义）
11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. insect powder lightening rod sheep dog red meat dog ear sit on one’s neck divorce lawyer busy body bus boy rest-room
Exercises:
1. foolishly bold 2. haste slowly 3. healthily tired 4. living death 5. pleasantly surprised 6. national minorities 7. free list 8. parking ticket 9. fish-wife 10.life-boat
6. Accumulate more in good years and less or none in years when the crops half fail or totally fail. 7. We must carry on an active publicity drive to get birth rate under control. 8. Those who shelter undesirable elements and do not report them to the authorities concerned shall be duly punished. 9. The various aspects of national economy must be taken into further consideration. 10. The sixth principle is to adhere to a coordinated development of regional economy and gradually narrow the gap in the development of different location.
Exercises:
1. 这个工厂有男工200人，女工250人，干部职员48人， 共有职工500人。 2. 那个风光明媚的小岛上的居民，无论男女老少，都能 歌善舞。 3. 他发现儿子胆小如鼠，难成大器。 4. 她如果嫁给美国人，中国公民的身份会受影响吗？ 5. 中国同世界各国的经济技术交流与合作正在出现新局 面。 6. 丰收年多积累一点，灾荒年或半灾荒年就不积累或少 积累一点。 7. 我们必须进行积极的宣传工作以控制生育。 8. 窝藏不报者，须受相当的处分。 9. 对于国民经济方面的问题，必须进一步考虑。 10. 第六条，支持区域经济协调发展，逐步缩小地区发展 差距。
1. 有勇无谋 2. 不紧不慢 3. 疲劳但健康 4. 半生半死 5. 惊喜 6. 少数民族 7. 免费入场名单 8. 违规停车罚款通知单 9. 卖鱼妇 10.救生艇
通过上下文，掌握隐含意义
1.冰箱里只剩一点冻肉，我又带了客人来吃饭， 你该想象得出我丈夫是多么感激 感激我了。 感激 You can imagine how I blest my husband for bring friends to dinner when we had only a bit of cold meat in the refrigerator. 2.我半世的辛苦，全是替他们做牛马。 牛马。 牛马 I have been slaving all these years just to make money for them. 3.太阳这么高了，大姑奶奶 大姑奶奶怎么还不露脸？ 大姑奶奶 It ‘s so late now. Why hasn’t my niece show up ?