动词时态和语态

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语法复习八:动词时态和语态(1)

一、动词的分类和形式:

动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。

1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为:“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种

2、动词的4种基本形式:动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。

3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1)实义动词分为及物动词vt和不及物动词vi。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词;2)连系动词有两种:一种表特征或状态如be,另一种表状态变化过程如go。

4、五种不同的短语动词:1)“动词+介词”;2)“动词+副词”;3)“动词+副词+介词”;4)“动词+名词(或代词)+介词”;5)“be+形容词(包括相当于形容词的过去分词+介词”。

二、动词的时态:

1、一般现在时的用法:1)表示现在的习惯,经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2)表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3)表示客观事实或真理。4)表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。(只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。)

2、一般过去时的用法:1)表示过去的动作或状态。2)叙述过去连续发生的事情。3)表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。

3、一般将来时的用法:1)表示将来的动作或状态。2)表示将来的经常动作。

4、现在进行时的用法:1)表示说话时正在进行的动作。2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。(说话时动作不一定进行。)

5、过去进行进的用法:1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2)表示移动的动词:come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3)was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。

6、现在完成时的用法:1)表示刚刚完成的动作,常与just连用。2)表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态,甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用,但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3)表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:1)现在完成时与现在有联系,它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作,与现在没什么联系。2)现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为;一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。

8、过去完成的用法:1)表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2)表示由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常和for(有时可省去)或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。

9、过去将来时的用法:表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

练习一:动词时态与语态(1)

1. When I saw Mary, she ______ on the piano.

A. is playing

B. plays

C. was playing

D. played

2. She ______ the door before she goes away.

A. had locked

B. is locking

C. has locked.

D. was locking.

3. A hunter is a man who ______ animals.

A. catch

B. catches

C. will catch

D. was catching

4. What _____ if I drink this?

A. happens

B. is happening

C. will happen

D. is happened

5. I will visit you if Father ______ me.

A. let

B. lets

C. is letting

D. will let

6. Look out! That tree _____ fall down.

A. is going to

B. will be

C. shall

D. would

7. My uncle _____ to see me. He'll be here soon.

A. comes

B. is coming

C. had come

D. came

8. They can't leave until they _____ their work.

A. did

B. are doing

C. have done

D. has done

9. "Has he seen this film?" " Yes. He ______ it several days ago. "

A. saw

B. has seen

C. had seen

D. was seeing

10. Now Mike isn't here. He ______ Mr Green's. Perhaps he ______ back in a few minutes.

A. went to; is coming

B. has gone to; will come

C. has been to; will be

D. is going to; has come

11. That day he ._______ his clothes before he came to see me.

A. has washed

B. washed

C. had been washing

D. was washed

12. I haven't finished my composition. I ______ for two hours and a half.

A. have written it

B. have been writing it

C. wrote it

D. am writting it

13. I will take my daughter with me when I _____ ShangHai,

A. go to

B. will go to

C. have been to

D. have gone to

14. This bright girl ______ the truth in front of the enemy.

A. didn't say

B. couldn't speak to

C. said

D. didn't tell

15. The bridge which ______ last year looks really beautiful.

A. was built

B. built

C. was set up

D. had been built

16. " When ______ school begin?" " Next Monday. "

A. has

B. does

C. did

D. is going to

17. I will ______ here till you give me some money.

A. leave

B. not leave

C. come

D. return

18. I _____ here since I moved here.

A. will work

B. worked

C. work

D. have been working

19. Every time I _____ there, I will buy him something nice.

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