第六单元词义的关系

Unit 6

Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms

•The baby began/started to cry.

•*I couldn’t begin my car.

•*Before the world began,only God existed.

•The plane leaves/departs from Gatwick.

•*We departed the house at six.

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Webster’s Dictionary of Synonyms:

•mend,repair,patch,rebuild,remodel

•remodel a play,a remodeled army(改编、改造）；rebuild(重建）

•“make sth. that has been injured or damaged once again fit for use”

•To best/worst one’s opponent;to loosen/unloosen;valuable/invaluable;flammable/inflammable;a good/bad scare;heritable/inheritable;a good/bad licking;a slim/fat chance; a sharp/blunt speech;quite a lot/quite a few

Synonyms of different word class

•He spoke utterly convincingly.

•He spoke with utter conviction.

•His words were utterly convincing.

Synonyms of different styles

•When his dad died,Peter had to get another job.(infml)

•After his father’s death, Peter had to change his job.(nutral)

•On the decease of his father, Mr Brown was obliged to seek alternative employment.(fml) Synonyms of different dialects

•lass—lassie(Scottish)

•charm—glamour(Scottish)

•liquor—whisky(Irish)

•chemist—druggist(AmE)

•lift—elevator(AmE)

•radio—wireless(BrE)

Synonyms of different Collocations

•sail a small boat—navigate a liner;

•teach arithmetic—inculcate doctrine;

•scholarly intelligence—animal cunning

•offering to a church—dole to the unemployment;

•the broadest/widest sense of a word

•A broad/*wide accent;a man of sense/*meaning;mother tongue/*language

Contrastive Studies

•doubt,suspect vs.怀疑、疑心

•object to,oppose vs.反对

Types of Antonyms

•1.Contraries(相对性反义词）

•hot-warm-tepid-lukewarm-cool-cold

•love-attachment-liking-indifference-antipathy-hate •plementaries（互补性反义词）•alive-dead;single-married;male-female

•3.Conversives（换位性反义词）•husband-wife;lend-borrow;above-below

Marked and unmarked members •old—young; long—short; light—heavy,etc. •How old is the baby?

•*How young is he?

•*How true/right is…?

Different antonyms of one word

•fresh air—stuffy air

•fresh bread—stale bread

•fresh flowers—faded flowers

•fresh meat—frozen meat

•fresh newspaper—stale newspaper

•fresh water—salt water

•a handsome boy—an ugly boy

•a handsome income—a megre income

Word order of antonymous pairs

•天地—heaven and earth

•来去—come and go

•因果—cause and effect

•夫妻—man and wife

•水火—fire and water

•饮食—eat and drink

•贫富—rich and poor

•左右—right and left

Rhetorical features of antonyms

•1.Antithesis

Youth is full of pleasure,age is full of care, •Youth like summer morn,age like winter weather,