第四讲 翻译文学研究的理论方法：多元系统论
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
His current main field is culture research. His main work has been developing polysystem theory, designed to deal with dynamics and heterogeneity in culture. In earlier stages of his work he contributed to developing a polysystemic theory of translation, i.e., designed to account for translation as a complex and dynamic activity governed by system relations rather than by a-priori fixed parameters of comparative language capabilities.
He has a working knowledge of the following languages: Hebrew (mother tongue), Arabic, English, French, Swedish, Spanish, Norwegian, Danish, Italian, Russian, German, Icelandic, and a few other languages. He is Professor of Culture Research and Porter Chair Professor of Semiotics and Literary Theory, Tel Aviv University. He has functioned since 1993 as coordinator of the new Culture Research Group, and since 1995 – as Chairperson of the new Graduate Program in Culture Research, and the Unit for Culture Research, Tel Aviv University.
Essential to the concept of the polysystem is the notion that the various strata and sub-divisions which make up a given polysystem are constantly competing with each other for the dominant position.
Polysystem Theory
The polysystem is conceived as a heterogeneous, hierarchized conglomerate (or system) of systems which interact to bring about an ongoing, dynamic process of evolution within the polysystem as a whole. Polysystem denotes a stratified conglomerate of interconnected elements, which changes and mutates as these elements interact with each other.
第四讲
翻译文学研究的理论方法
理论的作用
―理论的最大优点在于给我们观察到的事物提供一把钥 匙。给表现行为[指文艺创作]一个解释。找出千千万万、 多得令我们难以招架的现象之间的关系，发现因果，简言 之，在一片混乱之中理出一个说得过去的、逻辑的、或可 信的秩序，这本来是人的使命的主要部分。一个能解释某 些事物或很多事物的理论就具有科学的、经济的、哲学的、 宗教的和社会的价值，高出于只能解答一个问题的说 法。‛ ‛——[美]雷马克：《比较文学在大学里的处境》， 杨周翰译
Polysystem Theory
Polysystems can be postulated to account for phenomena existing on various levels, so that the polysystem of a given national literature is viewed as one element making up the larger socio-cultural polysystem, which itself comprises other polysystems besides the literary, such as for example the artistic, the religious or the political.
Itamar Even-Zohar (1939— ）
Born in Tel Aviv (1939), Professor Even-Zohar has earned his degrees from the universities of Tel Aviv (B.A., and Ph.D) and Jerusalem (M.A). He has also studied in Oslo, Copenhagen, and Stockholm. He has stayed, for shorter or longer periods, as a guest professor and/or scholar in European and American universities and research centers, such as Amsterdam, Paris, Philadelphia, Reykjaví Quebec City, Louvain, Santiago de k, Compostela, Santander, St. John's (Newfoundland), Barcelona.
Polysystem Theory
These systems are not equal, but hierarchies, occupying central or peripheral positions within the polysystem, and their positions are subject to change over time (1997a: 4-5). Moreover, ―any socio-semiotic activity is a component of a larger (poly)system -- that of ‗culture,‘ -- and therefore is inevitably correlated (or constantly liable to correlation) with other systems pertaining to the same whole‖ (1997a: 8).
Polysystem Theory
The literary evolution is not driven by a specific goal but is rather brought about as a consequence of ‗the unavoidable competition generated by the state of heterogeneity.
Polysystem Theory
Another facet of the competition can be seen in the further tension between primary (innovative) and secondary (conservative) literary principles: once a primary form has been accepted into the centre and has managed to achieve canonized status and maintaining its position there for some time, it will tend to become increasingly conservative and inflexible as it attempts to fight off challenges from newer, emerging literary ideas.
This has subsequently led to studies on literary interference, eventually analyzed in terms of intercultural relations. His major collections of works so far are: Papers in Historical Poetics (Tel Aviv, 1978), and Polysystem Studies (Durham: Duke UP; Poetics Today 11:1), 1990. He is now preparing a new collection of papers which will include various updated versions of previous works and new contributions to the theory of culture.
Polysystem Theory
Being placed in this way in a larger sociocultural context, literature comes to be viewed not just as a collection of texts, but more broadly as a set of factors governing the production, promotion and reception of these texts.
Polysystem Theory
―socio-semiotic phenomena, i.e., sign-governed human patterns of communication (such as culture, language, literature)‖ should be regarded as ―systems rather than conglomerates of disparate elements‖ (1997a: 1); ―a socio-semiotic system can be conceived of as a heterogeneous, open structure‖ rather than a ―uni-system‖, and is therefore ―a polysystem —a multiple system, a system of various systems which intersect with each other and partly overlap, using concurrently different options, yet functioning as one structured whole, whose members are interdependent‖ (1997a: 2).
His current main field is culture research. His main work has been developing polysystem theory, designed to deal with dynamics and heterogeneity in culture. In earlier stages of his work he contributed to developing a polysystemic theory of translation, i.e., designed to account for translation as a complex and dynamic activity governed by system relations rather than by a-priori fixed parameters of comparative language capabilities.
He has a working knowledge of the following languages: Hebrew (mother tongue), Arabic, English, French, Swedish, Spanish, Norwegian, Danish, Italian, Russian, German, Icelandic, and a few other languages. He is Professor of Culture Research and Porter Chair Professor of Semiotics and Literary Theory, Tel Aviv University. He has functioned since 1993 as coordinator of the new Culture Research Group, and since 1995 – as Chairperson of the new Graduate Program in Culture Research, and the Unit for Culture Research, Tel Aviv University.
Essential to the concept of the polysystem is the notion that the various strata and sub-divisions which make up a given polysystem are constantly competing with each other for the dominant position.
Polysystem Theory
The polysystem is conceived as a heterogeneous, hierarchized conglomerate (or system) of systems which interact to bring about an ongoing, dynamic process of evolution within the polysystem as a whole. Polysystem denotes a stratified conglomerate of interconnected elements, which changes and mutates as these elements interact with each other.
第四讲
翻译文学研究的理论方法
理论的作用
―理论的最大优点在于给我们观察到的事物提供一把钥 匙。给表现行为[指文艺创作]一个解释。找出千千万万、 多得令我们难以招架的现象之间的关系，发现因果，简言 之，在一片混乱之中理出一个说得过去的、逻辑的、或可 信的秩序，这本来是人的使命的主要部分。一个能解释某 些事物或很多事物的理论就具有科学的、经济的、哲学的、 宗教的和社会的价值，高出于只能解答一个问题的说 法。‛ ‛——[美]雷马克：《比较文学在大学里的处境》， 杨周翰译
Polysystem Theory
Polysystems can be postulated to account for phenomena existing on various levels, so that the polysystem of a given national literature is viewed as one element making up the larger socio-cultural polysystem, which itself comprises other polysystems besides the literary, such as for example the artistic, the religious or the political.
Itamar Even-Zohar (1939— ）
Born in Tel Aviv (1939), Professor Even-Zohar has earned his degrees from the universities of Tel Aviv (B.A., and Ph.D) and Jerusalem (M.A). He has also studied in Oslo, Copenhagen, and Stockholm. He has stayed, for shorter or longer periods, as a guest professor and/or scholar in European and American universities and research centers, such as Amsterdam, Paris, Philadelphia, Reykjaví Quebec City, Louvain, Santiago de k, Compostela, Santander, St. John's (Newfoundland), Barcelona.
Polysystem Theory
These systems are not equal, but hierarchies, occupying central or peripheral positions within the polysystem, and their positions are subject to change over time (1997a: 4-5). Moreover, ―any socio-semiotic activity is a component of a larger (poly)system -- that of ‗culture,‘ -- and therefore is inevitably correlated (or constantly liable to correlation) with other systems pertaining to the same whole‖ (1997a: 8).
Polysystem Theory
The literary evolution is not driven by a specific goal but is rather brought about as a consequence of ‗the unavoidable competition generated by the state of heterogeneity.
Polysystem Theory
Another facet of the competition can be seen in the further tension between primary (innovative) and secondary (conservative) literary principles: once a primary form has been accepted into the centre and has managed to achieve canonized status and maintaining its position there for some time, it will tend to become increasingly conservative and inflexible as it attempts to fight off challenges from newer, emerging literary ideas.
This has subsequently led to studies on literary interference, eventually analyzed in terms of intercultural relations. His major collections of works so far are: Papers in Historical Poetics (Tel Aviv, 1978), and Polysystem Studies (Durham: Duke UP; Poetics Today 11:1), 1990. He is now preparing a new collection of papers which will include various updated versions of previous works and new contributions to the theory of culture.
Polysystem Theory
Being placed in this way in a larger sociocultural context, literature comes to be viewed not just as a collection of texts, but more broadly as a set of factors governing the production, promotion and reception of these texts.
Polysystem Theory
―socio-semiotic phenomena, i.e., sign-governed human patterns of communication (such as culture, language, literature)‖ should be regarded as ―systems rather than conglomerates of disparate elements‖ (1997a: 1); ―a socio-semiotic system can be conceived of as a heterogeneous, open structure‖ rather than a ―uni-system‖, and is therefore ―a polysystem —a multiple system, a system of various systems which intersect with each other and partly overlap, using concurrently different options, yet functioning as one structured whole, whose members are interdependent‖ (1997a: 2).