润滑油及添加剂

㋈ᓖᤷᮠ
and
t80 and <120
t90
৺
d0.03
and
t80 and <120
t90
৺
d0.03
and
Polyalphaolefins (PAO)
t120
All Other Base Stocks Not Included in Group I, II, III, or IV
*API Publication 1509
Boundary Mixed
Hydrodynamic
µ Cam/follower Piston/Piston ring Bearings
(ViscosityxSpeed)·Load
百度文库
10
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High Speed/low load
15
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ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩: ਈ䙏㇡‫؍‬ᣔ
᪙ᢈ䖖Րࣘ喯䖞Ⲵ㺘䶒঻઼࣋䖜䙏䜭ᖸ 儈, 䴰㾱⋩૱ᨀ‫׋‬ᴤᕪⲴᣇ卜‫؍‬ᣔ
վ㋈ᓖ⊭ᵪ⋩䲀ࡦҶᣇ卜ࡲⲴਜ਼䟿, ਟ㜭 ᰐ⌅ሩ᪙ᢈ䖖ਈ䙏㇡ᨀ‫׋‬䏣ཏⲴ‫؍‬ᣔ
4
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ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩: ส⹰⋩Ⲵ䘹ᤙ
ส⹰⋩Ⲵ䘹ᤙᖡ૽ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩ⲴаӋѫ㾱৲ᮠ:
≗ॆっᇊᙗ:
± 仾ߧ, ቔަᱟ൘⚾✝ཙ≄ᰦӗ⭏Ⲵ儈⑙ሩᣇ≗ॆᙗ㜭㾱≲ᶱѪ㤋࡫ ± Ո䍘Ⲵส⹰⋩⺞‫⋩؍‬૱ާᴹ㢟ྭⲴ㙀ѵᙗ
± High temperature high shear rate (HTHS), Kinematic viscosity,
Shear stability, Cold cranking, Base Oil Viscosity Index
23
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≤ߧ
⋩㇡䖳བྷ
⊭⋩ਁࣘᵪ ⋩૱ਚ䴰⏖━ਁࣘᵪ
13
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४࡛: ⊭䖖 vs. ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖
仾ߧ
ਁࣘᵪ
⋩㇡䖳ሿ
⒯ᔿ⿫ਸ ಘ
喯䖞
ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖ਁࣘᵪ ⋩૱䴰⏖━ਁࣘᵪ, ⿫ਸಘ઼喯䖞
࣏⦷ᇶᓖ: ⊭䖖 vs.ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖
PCMO 0.06-0.08 NR 0.06-0.08 NR < 0.1 NR < 0.1 NR < 0.12 NR
16
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MCO JASO T903-2011 0.08-0.12
⋩૱䝽ᯩ
㋈ᓖㅹ㓗
II㊫ส⹰⋩ 150N (%) II㊫ส⹰⋩ 500N (%)
ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩: ਈ䙏㇡‫؍‬ᣔ
B
C
10W-30 75 25 6 0
10W-30 95 5 0 6
12.2 141 120
11.2 148 200 EOT
н䙊䗷
䙊䗷
ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩: ⿫ਸಘᙗ㜭
⿫ਸಘ᪙ᬖ⡷ᱟ᪙ᢈ䖖Ⲵѫ㾱ᐕ֌䜘Ԧ, н㢟Ⲵ傮傦Ґᜟᇩ᱃䙐ᡀ卜ᦏ
൘⒯ᔿ⿫ਸಘѝ, ⋩૱ѫ㾱䎧ߧতⲴ֌⭘, ֯⿫ਸಘᐕ֌亪⭵, ᔦ䮯֯⭘ሯભ
AOs work here
AOs work here
© The Lubrizol Corporation 2010, all rights reserved
Dispersants work here
Dispersants work here
The Stribeck Curve
Low speed/high load
ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩: ⢩↺Ⲵ䝽ᯩ㾱≲
OEM ‫⌘ޣ‬ ⿫ਸಘᢃ━ 喯䖞㙀ѵᙗ 䰰㌫卜ᦏ ⊭㕨ᬖՔ ᵪ⋩㙇 ቮ≄ۜॆࡲ‫؍‬ᣔ
ሩ⋩૱Ⲵ㾱≲ ㅖਸ㾱≲фっᇊⲴ᪙ᬖ㌫ᮠ ᨀ儈࢚࠷っᇊᙗ ± 儈⑙㋈ᓖ᧗ࡦ ᨀ儈⋩૱Ⲵᣇ卜(AW)઼ᶱ঻(EP)ᙗ㜭 ᨀ儈儈䙏䱢ᬖՔᙗ㜭 ᨀ儈HTHS, 䱽վᥕਁᙗ, ާ༷䏣ཏⲴ㋈ᓖ 䲀ࡦ⚠࠶઼ᣇ卜ᡀ࠶(AW)
㋈ᤷࡲ: 0-20%
䱽ࠍࡲ: 0-1%
© The Lubrizol Corporation 2010, all rights reserved
3
APIส⹰⋩࠶㊫߶ࡉ
࠶㊫ Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V
% 価઼⛳ਜ਼䟿
<90
৺/ᡆ
% ⺛ਜ਼䟿
>0.03
© The Lubrizol Corporation 2010, all rights reserved
Sludge and Varnish Formation Mechanisms
© The Lubrizol Corporation 2010, all rights reserved
Sludge and Varnish Formation Mechanisms
Source : Lubrizol
Genuine Engine oil Viscosity at ASEAN Country
Japanese OEM
A
B
C
D
5 10 10 10 15 15 20 20 30 40 WWWWWWWW 30 30 40 50 40 50 40 50
China
Vietnam Philippines Thailand Malaysia Indonesia India
Friction Modifiers
Monolayer
FM
Multilayer
Boundary lubrication High asperity contact High friction
11
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Reduced asperity contact Lower friction Improved fuel economy
޵ᇩ
⏖━⋩਴㓴࠶Ⲵ֌⭘ ᪙ᢈ䖖ਁࣘᵪ⏖━⋩઼⊭ᵪ⋩Ⲵ४࡛ ⟳⋩㓿⍾ᙗ ᪙ᢈ䖖ਁࣘᵪ⏖━⋩ḷ߶ਈॆ ࡔᯝ⋩૱ཡ᭸
12
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൘䲀ࡦᣇ卜ࡲਜ਼䟿ⲴᶑԦл, ㋈ᤷࡲⲴ䘹
ᤙሩᨀ‫⋩׋‬㟌ᕪᓖⲴ֌⭘ቡᱮᗇቔѪ䟽 㾱«
%P
GF-5 vis grade Other SN GF-4 vis grade Other SM GF-3 vis grade Other SL GF-2 except 0W-30 Other SJ SH 5W-30, 10W-30 Other SH
24
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㋈ᓖⲴ䘹⭘ሩᮤփᙗ㜭Ⲵᖡ૽
Regulation Noise
1 23
Viscosity Modifier
Sludge
Forms as fuel, partially combusted fuel, and combustion by-products enter the oil, oxidize, condense, polymerize, thicken, become insoluble
ᥕਁᙗ:
± 儈⑙䙐ᡀᵪ⋩㙇ॷ儈. 䱽վส⹰⋩ᥕਁᙗਟ᭩ழᵪ⋩⎸㙇
ส⹰⋩㋈ᓖ:
± 㮴⋩㟌лⲴᴹ᭸‫؍‬ᣔᱟਈ䙏㇡ᶱ঻‫؍‬ᣔⲴ‫ޣ‬䭞. ᨀ儈ส⹰⋩㋈ᓖᴹࣙ Ҿᶱ঻‫؍‬ᣔ.
5
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ਁࣘᵪ⋩༽ਸࡲѫ㾱ᶴᡀ
Forms as base oils and additives oxidatively and thermally degrade
³%DNHV´RQWRKRWVXUIDFHV impairs engine performance
Impedes oil flow
Different types of sludge
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
儈ẓ৲∄ ިරⲴ ިරⲴ ᪙ᢈ䖖⋩ ᪙ᢈ䖖⋩ ҈⭘䖖⋩
19
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㺕ࡲ
㺕ࡲ + FM
䐟ঊ⏖⿫ਸಘ㺕ࡲ о᪙ᬖ᭩䘋ࡲ(FM)༽䝽
⭘Ҿ⒯ᔿ⿫ਸಘ
⿫ਸಘ㺕ࡲ + FM ӽਟᨀ‫ ׋‬MA2ᙗ㜭
140
120
100
ॷ࣏⦷
80
(kW/L)
60
40
20
0
᪙ᢈ䖖 ⊭䖖
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 ਁࣘᵪ䖜䙏 X 1000 (rpm)
14
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ᶕⓀ³6SHFLILFDWLRQ7DEOH´-6$(
҈⭘䖖⋩㋈ᤷࡲ (%)
䐟ঊ⏖᪙ᢈ䖖⋩ ㋈ᤷࡲ (%)
㋈ᓖ @ 100ºC (cSt)
㋈ᓖᤷᮠ ཡ᭸ᰦ䰤 (hr)
A 10W-30
100 0 6 0
10.7 150 100
ᒣ൷࢟䖤卜ᦏ
䈅傼㔃᷌
н䙊䗷
17
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2.0% 1.5%
5W-30 3.5cP
3.0% 2.2%
2.8%
5W-30 3.0cP
0W-20 2.6cP
Viscometrics can affect the level of fuel economy improvement
Viscometrics are affected by many factors, including:
޵ᇩ
⏖━⋩਴㓴࠶Ⲵ֌⭘ ᪙ᢈ䖖ਁࣘᵪ⏖━⋩઼⊭ᵪ⋩Ⲵ४࡛ ⟳⋩㓿⍾ᙗ ᪙ᢈ䖖ਁࣘᵪ⏖━⋩ḷ߶ਈॆ ࡔᯝ⋩૱ཡ᭸
2
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ਁࣘᵪ⋩䝽ᯩ㓴ᡀ
ส⹰⋩: 70-95%
࣏㜭༽ਸࡲ: 5-20%
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⟳⋩㓿⍾ᙗ vs.
⿫ਸಘᙗ㜭
վ㋈ᓖ vs.
⋩૱㙀ѵᙗ
21
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ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩䝽ᯩ 䝽ᯩᒣ㺑
վ㋈ᓖ vs.
Typical ranges for M111 Fuel Economy Improvement vs 15W-40 RL191
4.0%
4.0
Fuel Economy Improvement (%)
3.0
2.0
1.0%
1.0
0.6%
0.0
10W-40 3.7cP
1.8% 1.3%
5W-40 3.5cP
ਁࣘᵪ㙀ѵᙗ
վ宀 vs. 喯䖞㙀ѵᙗ
޵ᇩ
⏖━⋩਴㓴࠶Ⲵ֌⭘ ᪙ᢈ䖖ਁࣘᵪ⏖━⋩઼⊭ᵪ⋩Ⲵ४࡛ ⟳⋩㓿⍾ᙗ ᪙ᢈ䖖ਁࣘᵪ⏖━⋩ḷ߶ਈॆ ࡔᯝ⋩૱ཡ᭸
22
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Directly Contributing ± Viscosity
ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩ vs.⊭ᵪ⋩ ሩ⏖━⋩䝽ᯩⲴᖡ૽
⊭ᵪ⋩
± ࣐‫ޕ‬᪙ᬖ᭩䘋ࡲ┑䏣⟳⋩㓿⍾ᙗḷ߶ ± 䱽վ宀ਜ਼䟿, ‫؍‬ᣔቮ≄ۜॆࡲ ± վ㋈ॆԕᨀ儈⟳⋩㓿⍾ᙗ
ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩
± ֯⭘᪙ᬖ᭩䘋ࡲ ± 䲀ࡦ宀ਜ਼䟿 ± վ㋈
Æ ⿫ਸಘᢃ━ Æ 喯䖞卜ᦏ઼㙀ѵᙗ Æ ਁࣘᵪ઼⋩૱㙀ѵᙗ
ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖䴰㾱у⭘⋩૱
᪙ᬖ᭩䘋ࡲ൘儈⑙ᰦ䱽վ᪙ᬖ㌫ᮠ
䗷ཊⲴ᪙ᬖ᭩䘋ࡲਟ㜭Պᖡ૽⿫ਸಘՐ 䙂ࣘ࣋, 䙐ᡀ⿫ਸಘᢃ━, 卜ᦏ, ᖡ૽傮傦 ᝏ㿹
18
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ഋߢ〻᪙ᢈ䖖⋩: ⿫ਸಘᙗ㜭
2.5
2.0
JASO T904: 2006 䶉᪙ᬖᤷᮠ
ѫ㾱অࡲ⿽㊫
Detergent
Dispersant
Antiwear
EP Agent
Foam Inhibitor
Friction Modifier
Oxidation Inhibitor
6
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Corrosion Inhibitor