张道真实用英语语法课件Chapter 20

Subject-predicate agreement
C. When the subject is collective noun
a. When the collective noun indicates people or animals, the predicate should be in plural form e.g. The police are going to question him. Most bacteria grow best in slightly acid medium. b. Can be both singular and plural form based on the condition e.g. There was a large audience at the concert. The audience are dressed in a variety of ways. c. Some collective nouns are usually followed by plural predicate e.g. The entire community is behind the appeal. The play’s cast was given a standing ovation.
Predicative
h. Adverb e.g. I’m off to Europe on Monday. i. Prepositional phrase e.g. The Conservatives were once more in power. j. Phrase e.g. They are twice the size of chickens. k. Clause e.g. Money is what they are after.
Introduction
3) Double predicate (intransitive verb + adj./n.) e.g. She sat silent in the corner. He died a rich man (a millionaire). 4) Complex object (adj./n.) → passive form (compound predicate) e.g. She was found injured at the foot of a cliff. He was thought to be a spy.
Predicative
d. Adjective e.g. She looked quite cheerful (a little tired). e. Participle e.g. My teacher is both gentle and encouraging towards me. f. The gerund e.g. His first job had been selling home computers. g. The infinitive e.g. All you have to do is to press this button.
Subject-predicate agreement
c. When the subject is connected by “and”, the predicate should be in singular form to indicate the same thing, otherwise in plural form. e.g. Iron and steel industry plays an important role in our national economy. To try and fail is better than not to try at all. d. When the subject is the singular form, combined with such words: with, together with, as well as, except, etc. the predicate should also be in singular form e.g. John, together with his wife, was at the party. Everybody except Tim speaks some Chinese.
Subject-predicate agreement
A. Agreement in numbers
a. The subject and the predicate should be in agreement in numbers. e.g. The results of the research are to be published soon. The suggestion put forward by the girls has been accepted. b. If the subject is an abstract concept, the predicate should be in singular form e.g. Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health. That she should oppose these ideas is quite natural.
Introduction
C. Compound predicate
a. Definition A compound predicate is a predicate containing two or more coordinate or paratactic verbs or verb phrases. b. The first kind 1) This kind consists of two parts. Modal verb + the present form of the verb e.g. Can you explain this sentence? He must have arrived by air.
Predicative
A. Ways to express predicative
a. Noun e.g. He proved a trustworthy friend. You’re looking a different person. b. Pronoun e.g. Seventy-four! You don’t look it. It’s something to be home again without an accident. c. Numeral e.g. My daughter is sixteen next month.
Introduction
2) The infinitive + other words e.g. We used to swim every day when young. First I’d have to get my father’s consent. 3) After the sentence containing complex object is changed into the passive form, it contains compound predicate. e.g. They were made to work long hours. She was often heard to sing that song.
Chapter 20
Predicate
Introduction
A. The types of predicate
a. Definition Broad sense: A predicate is the portion of a clause, excluding the subject, which expresses something about the subject. e.g. Beijing is the capital of the country. Narrow sense: A predicate, in its narrow sense, mainly indicate the verbs, excluding object and adverbial. e.g. He works in a bank. She doesn’t like the idea.
Subject-predicate agreement
B. The predicate when the subject is some pronouns
a. The predicate should be in singular form when the subject is composed of each, some, any, no, every e.g. Somebody wants to see you, sir. There’s really nothing to be said. b. The predicate should be in plural form when the subject is “both, some, many, few, all (of them)”. e.g. Both (of them) are English. Few of my friends like Sheila.
Predicative
B. Predicative clauses
a. Introduced by “that” e.g. Their first idea was that he had hidden it. The trouble was they couldn’t agree among themselves. b. Introduced by conjunctive pronoun or adverb e.g. That’s not what I meant. His first question was whether Holmes had arrived yet. c. Introduced by “what” e.g. Times aren’t what they were. That’s what we are here for.
Introduction
b. Main types 1) Simple Predicate 2) Compound Predicate
B. Simple predicate
a. Simple predicate consists of only one verb e.g. She’ll be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd. I suggest that the game be cancelled. b. Most of the phrasal verbs belong to simple predicate e.g. I shall have it out with him later. Ned left off talking about the firm.
Subject-predicate agreement
c. Some pronouns can be followed by both single or plural predicate e.g. Who has borrowed my pen? Who are those girls?
None of us has ever been to Japan. None of the passengers are aware of the danger.
Introduction
c. The second kind
1) Link verb + predicatHale Waihona Puke Baiduve e.g. The prospects looked excellent. Please stay seated. 2) Intransitive verb + predicative e.g. He flushed crimson with anger. The snow lay thick on the ground.