非谓语、虚拟讲练

非谓语动词：(to) do; doing; done

一不定式（to do 与do 两种形式）

1. A．否定：not/never (to) do

B．复合结构for/of sb to do e.g. It‟s nice of you to do so.

C．疑+不定式（介+疑+to do）

e.g. They found a hotel in which to stay=to stay in.

2. 不定式的时态、语态：

时态主动被动

一般式to do to be done 谓动之后发生进行式to be doing / 同时发生

完成式to have done to have been done先于谓动发生完成进行式 to have been doing / 先于谓动一直发生e.g. Some of you are eager to go to famous universities.

They pretended to be working hard when the emperor came in.

His book is said to have come out/ to have been published already.

Their car was reported to have been traveling for ten hours on the way to Tibet.

3. 不定式可充当的成份：主语、宾语、表语、宾补、状语、定语等。

e.g. It is interesting to learn and teach English.

I found it interesting to learn and teach English.

The fish can eat a person in minutes, only leaving the bones.

c.f. ★He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.

★only/never/ just+ to do表示意外的结果。

4.★不定式的逻辑主语应与主语保持一致（固定用法例外）位于句首常表目的。

e.g. T o learn English better, you must practise as much as you can.

注意：T o learn English better, practice is necessary. (×)

T o learn English better, it‟s necessary (for you) to do enough practice. (√)

5. 主+be+adj. + to do (vi. + prep.)

This lesson is easy to learn.=

T o learn this lesson is easy.

She is easy to get along with.=T o get along with her is easy. Let‟s find a house to live in.例外：a place/time（e.g.years）to live

P.6.textbook:

1. Is there anything to eat?

2. I need a pen to write with.

3. Do you have anything to add?

4. He is looking for a box in which to put the two rabbits.

5. It would be a comfortable house to live in.

6. 宾补为不带to 的不定式变为被动要加“to”。这一用法的动词有make, let; 感观动词see, watch, observe, find, look at, hear, listen to, feel（当然以上感观动词还可接doing/done作宾补，但意义不同）。

T om was made to clean the car. (T om‟s father made T om clean the car.)

He was seen to enter the classroom. (We saw him enter the classroom.)

7. 主语与宾语/表语一致；前后对等一致。

1>T o see is to believe.=See ing is believ ing.

2>T o say is easy while to do is hard.

8. have: 1) 有have sth. to do(主语做)/to be done (别人做)

2) 使、请、让: have sth. done/sb do (doing).

3) 助动词：无意义

e.g. Ms Green felt unhappy because the washing machine that she had had repaired went wrong again.

9. 下列动词常接不定式to do：agree, appear, seem, happen, wish, hope, expect, decide, plan, intend, mean(打算)，promise, pretend, offer, pay, afford, manage, fail, refuse,

be said/considered/believed/reported/supposed,

would/should like/love, be eager/willing 等等。

10、固定用法：常位于句首的--to tell the truth, to make matters worse, to start/begin with (首先)，to be honest,

※句中not to mention=let alone (更不别说), etc.

Why (not) do…?

do nothing but/except do = have nothing to do but/except do, have no choice but/except to do

There‟s no need (for sb) to do.

Who is to blame?

too+adj.+to do太…而不能但：too后接表示情绪、心理的词表示very( e.g. too happy to meet you)。

Never too old to learn!