存货管理外文翻译

外文翻译

inveｎｔorｙ maｎａgeｍent

Matｅrial Soｕrce: spｒing link Aｕthor: Fｌoyd D。Heｄrick

“Ｉnvenｔory” tｏｍany ｓmalｌｂuｓiｎesｓ owners is onｅ oｆ tｈe moｒｅ visible anｄtaｎgｉｂle aspects ｏf doing busｉneｓs．Ｒaw materials， goods in ｐrｏｃess ａnd finiｓhed goods aｌl repｒesent varioｕs fｏｒｍs of ｉnｖentory. Ｅａch tｙpｅrepresen ｔs ｍoｎey Tied up until ｔhe ｉｎvｅntorｙ leａveｓ thｅｃompａnｙ as purｃhａｓeｄｐr ｏductｓ。Likｅwise, mｅrchanｄｉsｅｓtocｋｓ in ａｒetaiｌｓtoｒｅｃontribｕte ｔo profiｔs only when theiｒsale puts ｍoｎｅy into the casｈｒｅgｉstｅr。 In a literal senｓｅ, inｖenｔory ｒeｆers lo ｓｔocks ｏf ａnything necｅｓsaｒy lo do business。Ｔhese ｓｔockｓ reprｅsenｔ a large poｒtｉon ｏｆｔhｅｂusinｅｓs iｎvｅsｔment anｄ musｔｂe wｅlｌｍaｎaged in ｏrｄｅr tｏ maxｉmize profiｌs。Ｉｎｆacl， many smaｌl buｓinesses cannot abｓorb the ｔypes ｏf ｌｏｓseｓ arising froｍpoor ｉｎventory manａgement. Uｎl ｅss invenｌｏｒiｅs are ｃｏnｔrｏlled， thｅｙ are uｎreｌiable， inｅｆfiｃieｎt aｎd c ｏstlｙ.

SUＣCESSFUL IＮVEＮTORY ＭANAＧEMENT

Ｓｕcｃessｆul inventｏry maｎａgｅment invｏlｖes baｌancing ｔhe cosｔs ｏf iｎｖento ｒy ｗiｔｈｔhe benefits of inveｎtｏrｙ. Mａｎy smalｌ busineｓs ｏwners fail to apprｅc ｉate fulｌy thｅ truｅｃosｔs of cａｒrying iｎｖentｏry， whｉch inclｕde not onlｙ direc ｔｃｏsｔs ｏf sｔorage, insｕraｎcｅanｄ taxｅs, ｂut aｌso thｅcｏst oｆｍoney tied up ｉｎ invenｔory。 This fine ｌinｅｂeｔwｅｅn ｋｅepｉnｇ too mucｈｉnvｅntory ａnd n ｏt enough is ｎｏt tｈe manaｇer＇s oｎｌy cｏｎｃｅrn。Ｏthｅrｓ include: Maintaining ａwiｄｅ assｏrtment oｆ stｏck •• buｔｎoｔ sｐｒｅａdinｇｔhe rapidｌy movｉnｇｏneｓ too thin：Ｉnｃreａsing ｉｎventｏry tｕｒnoｖer — buｔｎoｔ sacrificing tｈe seｒvice ｌevel：Keepiｎg sｌock low － but nｏｔｓａcrificing seｒｖice oｒ perfｏrmance. Obtａｉｎinｇｌoｗer pｒiｃeｓｂy ｍaking ｖoｌume purcｈasｅs -—ｂuｔｎoｔenｄing up wｉth slow－ｍoving ｉnvｅｎloｒｙ： anｄ havinｇ an adeqｕate invｅmoｒy oｎ hand — but not gｅllｉｎg caught witｈobsolete itｅｍｓ.

Ｔｈe degreｅ of ｓuｃcess ｉｎ addrｅsｓing tｈese ｃoｎｃｅｒnｓｉs easiｅr ｔo gaug ｅ fｏr somｅthan for oｔhers。For exampｌe, comｐuｔiｎg the iｎventorｙｔurnover ｒａtio iｓ a siｍpｌe ｍeasure of managｅrial perfｏｒmaｎce. Thｉs value gｉves a ｒｏugh ｇuiｄelｉne ｂy ｗhｉcｈ manａgers ｃan ｓet gｏaｌs and ｅｖaluaｔｅｐerformance， but it ｍｕsｔｂe ｒealizeｄ that ｔhｅturｎover rate ｖaries wiｔh tｈe fuｎctioｎol' inｖ

ｅｎtory， thｅ type ｏf businesｓ anｄ how thｅｒatio ｉs calculated （whether ｏｎ saｌes ｏr ｃost of goｏｄs soｌｄ)。 Avｅraｇe invenｔｏrｙ tuｒｎoｖeｒ ratios ｆｏr indivｉdual ｉnｄuｓtrｉｅｓcan be oｂtained froｍ trade asｓociａtｉons.

One oｆｔhe ｍoｓt impｏrtaｎt ａsｐeｃｔs ｏf inveｎtoｒｙ cｏntrol ｉｓto ｈave the items iｎ stock at tｈｅ momeｎt ｔｈeｙ are nｅeded。 Thiｓ includeｓｇoiｎｇ intｏ the ｍarket to buy tｈｅ goods earlｙ enoｕｇh ｔo ensｕre delｉvery aｔ tｈe proｐｅr ｔime。Thus， buｙｉng reｑuiｒes aｄvance plannｉｎｇ to determine iｎventory neｅds ｆor ｅaｃh time ｐeriod ａnd ｔｈen makinｇｔhe cｏｍmｉtｍeｎts withｏut procraｓｔｉnatiｏn.

For retaiｌerｓ， plannｉng ahｅaｄ iｓｖery cruciaｌ。 Siｎcｅｔhｅｙ oｆfer new i ｔemｓ foｒsａle ｍontｈｓbefore the actuaｌcａlendar daｔe foｒthe ｂｅginning of tｈe new seａson, iｔ is imｐerａtiｖe that buying ｐｌａｎs be formｕlaｔｅd， early ｅno ｕgh tｏ allow for ｉntｅllｉgent ｂuying wｉthout any last ｍinute paniｃｐurchases。Ｔhe mａin reａson for this ｅarly offｅrｉng ｆｏr salｅ of new iｔｅms ｉｓ that tｈｅ retail ｅr reｇaｒds tｈe cａleｎdar daｔe for tｈe beｇinning oｆIhe neｗ season as ｔｈe ｍｅrchandｉse datｅ for ihe eｎd of tｈe old seａson。 Fｏr exaｍpｌe， mａny reｔaiｌｅrs ｖiew Ｍarch 21 as thｅ end of tｈｅｓprｉng sｅaｓｏn, Jｕne 21 aｓ thｅ end ｏｆｓｕｍmeｒand December 21 aｓIｈｅ end of wｉｎter。

Part of your purchasｉｎg ｐlａn muｓｔｉnｃluｄe accounｔing for the depｌetiｏｎｏf tｈe iｎｖentory. Befoｒｅ a decision ｃan ｂe made as to ｔhｅｌevel of inventory lo o ｒder, you ｍust ｄetｅｒｍｉｎe how loｎg the iｎveｎｔｏｒy ｙｏｕ hａve in sｔock wiｌl las ｔ．

Fｏr insｔancｅ， a reｔａil fiｒm must forｍuｌate a plan tｏ eｎsuｒｅ tｈe sale oｆ the gｒｅatｅst number oｆｕniｔs。Ｌikewise, a mａnufactuｒｉng ｂｕｓiness ｍust ｆormulate a plan to ensure enough iｎventory iｓ on hａnｄfｏr prodｕcｔion of ａfini ｓhed prodｕct.

In summary, ｔhe purchasing plan ｄeｔail: Ｗhen coｍmitmentｓshｏuld be ｐlaced: Ｗhen tｈe first ｄelivｅｒy shouｌd ｂe rｅcｅiｖed; Wheｎ the ｉnｖentory shｏuld bｅｐeａkeｄ；Ｗｈｅｎ reorders ｓｈouｌd nｏｌｏngeｒｂｅ pｌaced：ａｎd Ｗhen tｈe ite ｍ shoｕlｄｎo longer be in stock。

Ｗell ｐlanｎed purcｈases affect the price， delivery and avaiｌabilｉtｙｏｆｐroducts fｏr

sａle．

CＯNTＲＯLLING YOＵＲ INVENTORＹ

To maintain an in—sｔocｋｐosiｔion ｏf waｎtｅd items ａnd to dispose ｏf uｎwant