数字电路系统设计中英文课件教程 01 数字系统简介-introduction to Digital System Design

Combinational Circuits（组合电路） Sequential Circuits（时序电路）
Integrated Circuits
• Classified by size
SSI MSI LSI VLSI
(small-scale integration) (medium) (large) (very large)
Analyse, Design, Test
• Analyse logic relationship between input & output Boolean algebra
Truth table, Functional diagram, Boolean expression, Waveform
The most basic digital devices (AND Gate, OR Gate, and NOT Gate or Inverter)
最基本的数字器件（与、或、非门或反相器）
Flip-flops（触发器）： A device that stores either 0 or 1
一种能存储 0 或 1 的器件
• Design circuit • Test
Computer-aided design(CAD)
Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
1. Scheme & HDL
Computer-aided design(CAD)
Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
结果再现性（稳定可靠、精度更高）
– Ease of design, Flexibility, and Functionality
易于设计，灵活性和功能性
– Programmability
可编程性（具有“智能”）
– Speed, Economy, and Steadily Advancing Technology
– Software tools help to improve the designer’s productivity, the correctness and quality designs. ( 软件工具有助于提高设计的效率、正确性和质量。)
– Software Tools
Electronics Design Automation(EDA) Schematic, HDL text editors, compilers, and synthesizers, Simulators, Test benches, Timing analyzers and verifiers, Word processors.
Printed-Circuit Boards
(PCB, 印制电路板)
• Printed-Wiring Boards (PWB,印制线路板) • Surface-Mount Technology (SMT, 表面安装技术) • Multi-Chip Module (MCM, 多芯片模块）
Digital Design Levels
• • • • • • Device Physics Level (器件物理层) IC Manufacturing Process Level ( IC 制造过程级) Transistor Level (晶体管级) Gates Structure Level (门电路结构级) Logic Design Level (逻辑设计级) Overall System Design (整体系统设计)
• 做好设计文档，用一致的编码，组织结构和文档风格，以方便自己和他人对 设计的理解。
• Design for minimum cost at the system level, including your own engineering effort. Design for testability and manufacturability.
什么电平范围对应逻辑 0（或 1）？
How to produce and figure out the signal in a proper range?
如何正确产生和识别处于适当范围的信号？
The association between Digital and Analog
数字与模拟之间的关系
Software Aspects of Digital Design
• 在系统级进行最小成本设计，包括自己的工程劳务成本。设计可测试性和可 制造性。
Analog VS Digital
CONTINUOUS
其变化在时间或 数值上是连续的
DISCRETE
其变化在时间和数量 上都是离散的 数值大小是某一个最 小数量单位的整数倍
Analog VS Digital
Original signal 原始信号
Analyse, Design, Test
• Analyse logic relationship between input & output Boolean algebra
Truth table Functional diagram Boolean expression Waveform
L ABD AD A B C D
• 数字电路具有模拟特性。要知道何时应该何时不应该考虑模拟特性。
• Document your designs, use consistent coding, organizational and documentation styles to make them understandable to yourself and to others.
Integrated Circuits
• Classified by size SSI, MSI, LSI, VLSI • Classified by form
TTL, CMOS
• Classified by response to input
Combinational circuit Sequential circuit
• 数字设计是工程，工程意味着解决问题
• Only 5%-10% is the Creative part of Design. Much of the rest is just “Turning the Crank”.
• 只有5%~10%是设计的创新部分，剩下的只是实现构想而已
Important Themes
Attenuation 衰减
Amplification 放大
模拟信号在传输过程中失真 数字信号仍然可以保持 0、1
Analog versus Digital
• Digital Circuits over Analog Ones
数字系统及其优越性
– Reproducibility of Results
Electronic Aspects of Digital Design
How to realize Logic 0 and 1 in a Real circuit?
逻辑上的 0 和 1 在物理上如何实现？
What is the range of analog value with each logic value(0 or 1)
– Large-Scale/Very Large-Scale Integration
大∕超大规模集成电路（ LSI / VLSI ）
• Applications of Digital Electronic Aspects
数字电子技术的应用
Digital Devices
Gates（门电路）：
• Good tools do not guarantee good design, but they help a lot by taking the pain out of doing things right.
• 好的工具并不能保证好的设计，但它能在正确完成设计工作时大大减轻你的 劳动。
• Digital circuits have analog characteristics. Know when to and when not to worry about the analog aspects.
快速、经济性、稳步发展的技术
Analog versus Digital
• Development of Digital Electronic Aspects
数字电子技术的发展
– Vacuum Tube, Transistor, and Integrated Circuit
电子管、晶体管、集成电路（ IC ）
Fourth Edition, Prentice Hall, ISBN 0-13-186389-4 面向21世纪课程教材 电子技术基础.数字部分 (康华光 第5版) 面向21世纪课程教材 数字电子技术基础 (阎石 第4版)
About Digital Design
• Another name “Logic Design”. • The goal of design is to Build System. • Digital Design is engineering, and engineering means “Problem Solving”.
DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN
ESHINE 李宇炫
eshine.li@
ASSESSMENT
• EXAMINATION 80% • LAB REPORTS 20%
RECOMMENDED READING
John F. Wakerly, Digital Design Principles and Practices
Application-Specific ICs
(ASIC) 专用集成电路
• Semi-Custom IC (半定制IC)
• Non-Recurring Engineering (NRE) Cost (非再现工程成本）: $30,000 - $50,000 • Custom IC (全定制IC）NRE Cost: Over $250,000
Programmable Logic Devices
• Programmable Logic Array (PLA, 可编程逻辑阵列)
– Programmable Array Logic (PAL, 可编程阵列逻辑) – Programmable Logic Device (PLD, 可编程逻辑器件) – Complex PLD (CPLD, 复杂可编程逻辑器件) – Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA, 现场可编程门阵列）
1. Scheme & HDL 2. Simulate
Computer-aided design(CAD)
Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
1. Scheme & HDL 2. Simulate 3. Test