精读1-Unit8讲解

第八单元：知识与智慧

一、文体注释:

1、信息、知识与智慧的差异:

The first category is “information信息”, which consists of simple facts and direct impressions.

The second category is commonly deemed as “knowledge知识”, which is information processed and systemized.

The third category is “wisdom智慧”, which is the hardest to define. We are quite clear about its superiority to the previous two categories, yet for the realm of wisdom there has never been a sure path. However, in this excerpt, Russell has shown us a way to approach wisdom.

2、课文提纲：

第一段：引入话题知识与智慧

第二段：智慧需要全局观与比例感

第三段：智慧需要对所追求之事物有意识

第四段：要消除偏见才能找到追求的目标

第五段：要摆脱时间和空间的束缚

3、修辞手法:排比

In this essay, parallelism排比结构is employed, apart from other rhetoric devices. Here is an example: “But it is possible to make a continual approach towards impartiality, on the one hand, by knowing things somewhat remote in time or space, and on the other hand, by giving to such things their due weight in our feelings.” The underlined parts in the quoted sentence constitute equivalent syntactic constructions, thus making the expression more forceful. Parallelism can also be used to convey one’s ideas more clearly and create a sense of order and proportion.

二、课文词汇及知识点

Abridge .省略，摘要，节略(opp. lengthen) (不保留原词原句，保留中心大意和结构)

Excerpt 摘录，摘要；节录；抽印。（抽取部分的原词原句）

Surpass 超越

Surpass sb/sth in 方面

The product of company A surpasses that of company B in both quality and price. Cf. The quality and price of the product of company A is better than company B.

A公司的产品在质量和价格方面都超越了B公司的产品。

A公司产品的价格和质量都比B公司的好。

Correlative 有相互关系的，(with; to)。(随…而变化的)

Salary levels are correlative with the general economic level of a region.

Relative 与…有关系[联系]的

Birth is not always relative to a person’s success.

Related 相关的

Have you read all the related books to your thesis?

Contribute to 出力，作出贡献

A sense of …感

Proportion比，比率；【数学】比例。(部分与整体的比率)

The military expenditure of North Korea is out of proportion with its national economy. In proportion 比例恰当，成比例

Out of proportion 比例不恰当，不成比例

Proportionate a. 比例协调的

Capacity to do

Capable of doing

Take account of = consider 考虑

Due 应有的；应做的；正当的，当然的；适当的，充分的；正式；照例Weight 重要性；影响力，势力。

Attach to each factor its due weight = give each factor the importance that is correlative to its contribution

Engage in 从事

Involve in 涉及

Owing to = due to 归因于

Owe v. I owe you.

Own v. 拥有

Extent n. 程度

N1. of n2. of n3. N3的N2的N1

The car of his company of Mr. Smith’s = 史密斯先生的公司给他用的车

各种技师所需要的专业知识的深度与复杂性

我朋友的小姨子的男朋友的妈

Mother of the boyfriend of the sister-in-law of a friend of mine

This has become more difficult because of the extent and complexity associated with it. As nowadays specialized knowledge is required of for various kinds of technicians. People tend to lose their sense of righteousness when it comes to things related with