2020-2021学年上海市上海中学高二上学期期末英语试题 解析版

上海市上海中学2020-2021学年高二上学期期末英语试题一、单项选择
1．Scientists estimate it may be five or ten months ______________ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients．
A．since B．after C．before D．when
【答案】C
【详解】
考查连词辨析。

句意：科学家们估计，可能需要5到10个月的时间才能在人类病人身上试验这种药物。

A.since自从；B.after在……之后；C.before在……之前；D.when当……时候。

根据estimate（预估）可知，此处是指在能够在人类病人身上试验这种药物之前可能需要5到10个月的时间。

故选C。

2．There is not the remotest possibility of anyone calling on me, and it is unbelievable that I ______________ call on anyone else．
A．can B．might C．should D．must
【答案】C
【详解】
考查情态动词。

句意：根本不可能有人来拜访我，而我居然会去拜访别人，这简直令人难以置信。

A.can能够；B.might可能；C.should竟然；D.must必须。

根据it is unbelievable 可知，此处表示“竟然”。

故选C。

3．The proposal Father made this morning did sound feasible ______________ every member of the family ______________ one-third of his or her income in case of emergency．
A．which, set aside B．that, set aside
C．which, sets aside D．that, sets aside
【答案】B
【详解】
考查名词性从句和虚拟语气。

句意：父亲今天早上提出的建议听起来可行，每个家庭成员都留出三分之一的收入以备不时之需。

第一空引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，用连接词that引导，解释说明名词proposal。

proposal表示“建议”时，从句应该使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略。

故选B。

4．He hardly ______________ apologize for any inconvenience caused, since we know it's
A．don't need to B．needs C．need D．needn't
【答案】C
【详解】
考查动词用法。

句意：他不需要为造成的任何不便道歉，因为我们知道那不是他的错。

hardly几乎不，表示否定。

need可以作为情态动词或实义动词。

need用作情态动词时，后接动词原形，此时其没有人称和数的变化，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。

need用作实义动词时，人作主语，后接to do sth. ，且need有各种时态的变化。

结合选择项，这里用情态动词need+动词原形。

故选C。

5．In the coming year, we'll see events postponed from 2020, sporting and arts events now ______________ right on top of one another, and new, entirely digital versions of previously face-to-face affairs．
A．scheduling B．scheduled C．to schedule D．having been scheduled
【答案】B
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。

句意：在明年，我们将看到2020年以来被推迟的活动，原来的体育和艺术活动现在安排在明后年举行，以及以前的面对面活动的全新数字化版本。

schedule 意为“安排”，和逻辑主语sporting and arts events构成被动关系，having been done表示完成被动，故选B。

6．The current population of the plant ______________ fit into the state of Taxes, if Taxes were settled as thickly as New York City．
A．could B．can C．will D．should
【答案】A
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意：如果能像纽约市那样对税收进行严格的规定，那么目前工厂的工人就能适应纽约州的税收。

根据前文“current”及后文“if Taxes were settled ”可知，此处是与现在事实相反的假设。

主句中应用could/should/might/would+动词原形。

此处表示“能够”应用could。

故选A。

7．Patients' medical notes went missing two days ago and nobody ______________ them since．
A．has seen B．had seen C．saw D．would see
【详解】
考查动词时态。

句意：病人的医学摘录两天前就不见了，而且从那时起再也没人看到它。

“从两天前到现在为止”该用现在完成时，符合这要求的只有A项。

故选A。

8．I'm sure he is keeping something back．I'd rather he ______________ me the truth．A．tells B．told C．has told D．had told
【答案】B
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。

句意：我肯定他有所隐瞒。

我宁愿他告诉我真相。

根据he is keeping something back可知，这是对现在情况的虚拟，would rather后用过去时表示对现在的愿望，故选B。

9．A couple of people voiced objections ______________ the patient, as it might cost more than expected．
A．to operate on B．to the doctor's operating on
C．for the doctor to operate on D．operating on
【答案】B
【详解】
考查固定搭配。

句意：一些人对医生给病人做手术表示反对，因为手术的费用可能比预期的要高。

objections to one's doing sth意为“反对某人做某事”是固定短语，to是介词，接动名词的复合结构作宾语。

故选B。

10．He's such a remarkable tennis player ______________ seems to get the credit he deserves．
A．that B．as C．which D．whom
【答案】B
【详解】
考查定语从句。

句意：他是一位杰出的网球运动员，似乎得到了他应得的荣誉。

分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句中关系代词应用as。

故选B。

11．Left to itself, the place ______________ into a prosperous civilized community．A．was to grow B．were to grow
C．should have grown D．would have grown
【答案】D
考查虚拟语气。

句意：如果任其发展，这个地方会发展成一个繁荣的文明社区。

此句为隐含条件虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反，所以主句用would/could/should/might + have done。

would表示“将会”，should表示“应当”。

故选D。

12．---You ought to have come to the party．We had a wonderful time!
---______________, but I had to work overtime, so I guess I left before you got there．A．So ought I B．So I ought C．So I have D．So I did
【答案】D
【详解】
考查时态。

句意：——你本来应该来参加聚会的。

我们玩得很开心！——我去了，但我得加班，所以我想在你到之前我就走了。

根据“so I guess I left before you got there”可知，后者也去聚会了，所以是“我”确实去了，应该用“so+主语+do”对上述情况加以肯定，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故选D。

13．Nowhere else ______________ than in the high-tech industries．
A．more software is being developed B．is more software being developed C．is being developed more software D．being developed more software
【答案】B
【详解】
考查倒装和非谓语动词。

句意：没有任何地方比高科技产业开发出更多的软件。

分析句子可知，句中缺少谓语动词。

否定词Nowhere 位于句首，所以用部分倒装结构。

句中名词software 与develop之间表示正在进行的被动，所以用现在分词的被动being developed。

故选B。

14．A train ______________ by, shaking the walls of the row houses．
A．rocketed B．routed C．slipped D．sailed
【答案】A
【详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：一列火车呼啸而过，震得排屋的墙都摇晃起来。

A.rocketed飞速移动；B.routed按特定路线发送；C.slipped滑动；D.sailed启航。

根据主语是火车且后文提到“震得排屋的墙都摇晃起来”可知，此处是指火车呼啸而过。

故选A。

15．Since he became famous, he has been regularly______________ with demands for signed photographs from admirers．
A．identified B．punctured C．bombarded D．spoiled
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：自从他出名以来，他经常收到崇拜者对签名照的请求。

A.identified 鉴定，辨别；
B.punctured刺破；
C.bombarded轰炸，催要；
D.spoiled溺爱。

根据“demands for signed photographs from admirers”可知他经常收到崇拜者对签名照的
请求。

故选C项。

16．Thanks to promising digital connectivity and support for industrial startups, the rise, the first in ten months amid the raging pandemic, ______________ the downward slide in the unemployment rate．
A．revealed B．reflected C．reversed D．revolutionized 【答案】C
【详解】
考查动词辨析。

句意：由于有前景的数字互联和对产业创业的支持，这是大流行期间10个月来的首次上升，扭转了失业率下滑的趋势。

A.revealed显示；B.reflected反应；
C.reversed反转；
D.revolutionized彻底改革。

根据Thanks to promising digital connectivity and support for industrial startups可知，此处是指“扭转了失业率下滑的趋势”。

故选C。

17．In the dim light, the candle on the table threw a huge dancing ______________ against the wall．
A．reflection B．impression C．shade D．shadow
【答案】D
【详解】
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：在昏暗的光线下，桌上的蜡烛在墙上投下了一个巨大的跳舞的影子。

A. reflection反射；B. impression印象；C. shade树荫；D. shadow影子。

根据“In the dim light,”可知，这里指光线下所投射的影子。

故选D。

18．In some sense, years of economic recession remained an evil that ______________ the whole national economy．
A．drove B．touched C．stressed D．sheltered
【答案】B
【详解】
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：从某种意义上说，多年的经济衰退仍然是影响整个国家经济的祸根。

A. drove驱使；B. touched影响；C. stressed强调；D. sheltered庇护。

根据“years of economic recession remained an evil”可知，经济衰退影响整个国家经济。

故选B。

before we wrap up the project．
A．conclusive B．competent C．sensible D．sensitive
【答案】C
【详解】
考查形容词辨析。

句意：不要急于下结论；在我们结束这个项目之前，做更多的研究似乎是明智的。

A.conclusive结论性的；petent有本领的；C.sensible明智的；D.sensitive 敏感的。

根据Don't go jumping to conclusions可知说话者认为做更多的研究是明智的。

故选C。

20．If a caller claiming to be a colleague asks you for personal data, dial the number on this card to ______________ the statements．
A．check out B．check with C．check in D．check off
【答案】A
【详解】
考查动词短语辨析。

句意：如果来电者自称是你的同事，向你要个人资料，请拨这张卡上的号码，查看对账单。

A.check out检验，查看；B.check with向某人证实；C.check in 登记入住；D.check off检查完毕。

根据If a caller claiming to be a colleague asks you for personal data可知，此处是指要查看对账单。

故选A。

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Physicians Aren’t Immune to Suicide and Depression
Medicine is a tough profession. It’s both tremendously rewarding and terribly demanding. Physicians are at the front lines of humanity, along with nurses, therapists and more. But being at the front lines can be risky: In a study, nearly 50 percent of doctors reporting that they were burned out. 21．physicians, who are on call 24/7, have it the worst, followed closely by physicians working in other demanding subspecialties.
Studies about physician burnout are important but they typically don’t reflect this group’s
physicians have a higher risk for suicide compared with other professions, 22．in the top ten of risky professions. And a recent Lancet study notes that 23．, one physician dies from suicide every day in the U.S.
Suicidal tendencies 24．the whole community. Health care systems respond with wellness meetings and other interventions but trainees still report feeling uncared for. In fact, several trainees privately tell me that they have to report fewer hours than they actually work.
Research studies 25．similar concerns to those I’ve heard. They report that workplace factors contri bute to physician suicide “including a large workload, competitiveness of training programs, pressure of patient and service demands and the risk of 26．injury if physicians are forced to work in ways that conflict with their ethics and values.”
This new analysis is a major 27．for understanding and appropriately responding to the mental health crisis today. Instead of 28．on the past, the alarm has now been sounded: Greater attention must be paid to physician well-being. We want physicians to be safe and well, but we also need to help patients by 29．good health practices. Fortunately, preventive measures are already underway. Soon, we will hopefully be able to better 30．part of what is missing in the current conversation about physician mental health.
【答案】
21．AB
22．BD
23．E
24．C
25．BC
26．A
27．AD
28．D
29．AE
30．AC
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。

短文介绍了医生也不能对自杀和抑郁症免疫，我们必须更加关注医生的健康。

考查形容词。

句意：24小时待命的急诊医生的情况最糟糕，紧随其后的是其他要求较高的附属专业的医生。

根据physicians可知此处要用形容词，作定语，emergency“紧急的”为形容词，符合句意。

故选AB项。

22．
考查非谓语动词。

句意：过去的研究也表明，与其他职业相比，医生自杀的风险更高，位列危险职业的前十。

根据宾语从句中的谓语动词have可知此处要用非谓语动词，作状语，ranking“位列，归类于”为现在分词，符合句意。

故选BD项。

23．
考查副词。

句意：《柳叶刀》最近的一项研究指出，美国每天都有一名医生死于自杀，这令人毛骨悚然。

根据谓语动词notes可知此处要用副词，chillingly“令人寒心地”为副词，符合句意。

故选E项。

24．
考查动词。

句意：自杀倾向震撼了整个社区。

根据上文时态可知此处时态为一般现在时，由主语Suicidal tendencies可知此处要用动词，做谓语，rock“震撼”为动词，符合句意。

故选C项。

25．
考查动词。

句意：研究报告强调了我所听到的类似的担忧。

根据上文时态可知此处时态为一般现在时，由主语Research studies，可知此处要用动词，做谓语，highlight“强调，突出”为动词，符合句意。

故选BC项。

26．
考查形容词。

句意：他们报告说，工作场所的因素导致了医生的自杀，“这包括巨大的工作量，培训项目的竞争性，病人和服务需求的压力，以及如果医生被迫以与他们的道德和价值观相冲突的方式工作，道德伤害的风险。

”根据名词injury可知此处要用形容词，作定语，moral“道德的”为形容词，符合句意。

故选A项。

27．
考查名词。

句意：这一新的分析是理解和适当应对当今心理健康危机的一个重要里程碑。

根据形容词major可知此处要用名词，milestone“里程碑”为名词，符合句意。

故选AD 项。

28．
考查动名词。

句意：与其沉湎于过去，现在已经敲响了警钟：必须更加关注医生的健康。

根据Instead of可知此处要用动名词，作介词宾语，dwelling“沉湎于”为动名词，符合
29．
考查动名词。

句意：我们希望医生是安全和状况良好的，但我们也需要建立通过良好的健康实践来帮助病人。

根据介词by“通过”，可知此处要用动名词，modeling“塑造”为动名词，符合句意。

故选AE项。

30．
考查动词。

句意：很快，我们就有希望更好地解决当前关于医生心理健康的讨论中缺失的部分问题。

根据be able to better 可知此处要用动词，address“设法解决”为动词，符合句意。

故选AC项。

三、完形填空
Trackers on Ice
Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will obligingly keep it on．31 , these huge collars are purposefully loose．If one becomes annoying, a bear can 32 it．But scientists have now found a way to use 33 from the discarded（丢弃的）devices．
"These dropped collars 34 would have been considered garbage data," says Natasha Klappstein, a polar bear researcher at the University of Alberta．She and her colleagues instead used 35 from such collars, left on sea ice in Canada's Hudson Bay, to track the ice itself．For their study, published in June in The Cryosphere, the researchers identified twenty collars that transmitted movement data in line with ice drift rather than polar bear
36 between 2005 and 2015．The resulting records of how melting ice typically drifts in Hudson Bay are unique．There are no easily 37 on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets．The team 38 the discarded collars' movements with widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U.S．National Snow and Ice Data Center（NSIDC）．Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall 39 of drift．Over the course of several months, the model could drift away from an ice sheet's location by a few hundred kilometers, the researchers say．
This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had 40 : "Since we're underestimating the speed of drift, we're likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears," says Natasha Klappstein．The research
coming years, such ice will likely become more 42 farther north, in the central Artic．Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, but "any time we can find a data 43 , it is a good thing．"
Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may 44 in seas．littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist, who was not involved in the study．The findings may even 45 future NSIDC models: "It's a really nice data set," Meier says．"And certainly one we'll take under consideration．" 31．A．In fact B．In a way C．In addition D．In the end 32．A．destroy B．remove C．resist D．reject 33．A．scratches B．senses C．samples D．signals 34．A．particularly B．relevantly C．intentionally D．potentially 35．A．estimates B．subjects C．measurements D．patents 36．A．behavior B．habitat C．manner D．motion 37．A．flexible B．favorable C．accessible D．changeable 38．A．overloaded B．compared C．exchanged D．traced 39．A．extent B．damage C．trend D．limit 40．A．agreed B．promised C．proved D．assumed 41．A．valueless B．superior C．entire D．timely 42．A．evident B．unique C．common D．realistic 43．A．gap B．scan C．boom D．fit 44．A．rise B．spread C．recover D．settle 45．A．reverse B．resemble C．influence D．motivate
【答案】
31．A
32．B
33．D
34．D
35．C
36．D
37．C
39．A
40．D
41．D
42．C
43．A
44．B
45．C
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了废弃的追踪项圈可用于追踪冰层移动，并对未来的NSIDC模型可能产生一定的影响。

31．
考查介词短语词义辨析。

句意：事实上，这些巨大的项圈是故意松松的。

A. In fact事实上；B. In a way在某种程度上；C. In addition另外；D. In the end最后。

根据下文“these huge collars are purposefully loose．”可知，这些巨大的项圈是故意松松的。

这是个事实。

故选A项。

32．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：如果项圈变得烦人，熊可以把它移除。

A. destroy破坏；B. remove移除；C. resist抵抗；D. reject拒绝。

根据上文“_______1_______, these huge collars are purposefully loose．”可知，追踪项圈的设计很容易被拿下来。

故选B项。

33．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：但科学家们现在已经找到了一种利用废弃设备发出的信号的方法。

A. scratches抓痕；B. senses感官；C. samples样本；D. signals信号。

根据上文“Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will obligingly keep it on．”可知，项圈是可以发送信号的。

故选D项。

34．
考查副词词义辨析。

句意：“这些掉下来的项圈可能会被认为是垃圾数据，”阿尔伯塔大学(University of Alberta)的北极熊研究员娜塔莎·克拉普斯坦(Natasha Klappstein)说。

A. particularly特别；
B. relevantly有关联地；
C. intentionally有意地；
D. potentially可能地。

根据上文“But scientists have now found a way to use _______3_______ from the discarded（丢弃的）devices．”可推测，这些掉下来的项圈可能会被认为是垃圾数据。

故选D项。

35．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：她和她的同事们转而使用这些项圈的测量数据，这些项圈被留在加拿大哈德逊湾的海冰上，用来追踪冰。

A. estimates估价；B. subjects科目；C. measurements测量；D. patents专利。

根据下文“For their study, published in June in The Cryosphere, the researchers identified twenty collars that transmitted movement data in line with ice drift rather than polar bear _______6_______ between 2005 and 2015．”可知，实验组通过项圈的测量，发现冰层的漂移状况。

所以她和她的同事们转而使用这些项圈的测量数据。

故选C项。

36．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：在6月发表在《冰冻圈》(The Cryosphere)杂志上的研究中，研究人员发现了20个项圈，它们在2005年至2015年间传输的运动数据与冰层漂移一致，而不是与北极熊运动一致。

A. behavior行为；B. habitat栖息地；C. manner举止；
D. motion运动。

根据“transmitted movement data”可知，它们在2005年至2015年间传输的运动数据与冰层漂移一致，而不是与北极熊运动一致。

故选D项。

37．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：没有可使用的地面传感器，卫星观测往往不能准确捕捉小冰原的运动。

A. flexible灵活的；B. favorable喜爱的；C. accessible可使用的；D. changeable 易变的。

根据“satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets”可知，卫星不能准确捕捉冰原运动与没有易得到的地面传感器有关。

故选C项。

38．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：研究小组将废弃项圈的运动与美国冰雪数据中心(NSIDC)广泛使用的冰层漂移建模数据进行了比较。

A. overloaded使超载；B. compared比较；C. exchanged交换；D. traced追踪。

根据下文“Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall
_______9_______ of drift．”可知，研究小组将NSIDC模型于废弃项圈运动进行了比较。

故选B项。

39．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：项圈数据表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰的移动速度以及漂流的总体范围。

A. extent范围；B. damage损害；C. trend趋势；D. limit限制。

根据下文“Over the course of several months, the model could drift away from an ice sheet's location by a few hundred kilometers, the researchers say．”可知，哈德逊湾冰漂流的范围很广，所以NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰的移动速度以及漂流的总体范围。

故选A项。

40．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这意味着北极熊在向冰面移动时可能比科学家们想象的更努力：“由于我们低估了漂移的速度，我们很可能低估了北极熊的能量，”娜塔莎·克拉普斯坦说。

A. agreed同意；B. promised保证；C. proved证明；D. assumed设想。

根据句中“we're likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears”可知，这意味着北极熊在向冰面移动时可能比科学家们想象的更努力。

故选D项。

41．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：这项研究及时揭示了冰的移动速度。

A. valueless无价值的；
B. superior上层的；
C. entire全部的；
D. timely及时的。

根据下文“any time we can find a data _______13_______, it is a good thing．”可知，这项研究及时揭示了冰的移动速度。

故选D项。

42．
考查形容词词义辨析。

句意：随着未来几年融化的增加，这样的冰可能会在更北的北极中部变得更加常见。

A. evident明白的；B. unique独特的；C. common常见的；D. realistic 现实的。

根据上文“The resulting records of how melting ice typically drifts in Hudson Bay are unique．”可知，废弃项圈的数据是针对融化冰的运动，未来融化冰增多有类似数据的冰漂移也更常见。

故选C项。

43．
考查名词词义辨析。

句意：科学家们知道NSIDC的数据可能会低估漂移速度，但“任何时候我们都可以发现数据缺口，这是一件好事。

”A. gap缺口；B. scan扫描；C. boom 繁荣；D. fit适宜。

根据上文“Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall _______9_______ of drift．”可知，科学家们发现了NSIDC模型与实际的数据差距，发现了数据的缺口。

故选A项。

44．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：此外，这些数据可以改善对石油泄漏或其他污染物如何在海洋中扩散的预测。

A. rise上升；B. spread扩散；C. recover恢复；D. settle解决。

根据“how oil spills”可知，这些数据可以改善对于污染物在海洋中的扩散情况。

故选B项。

45．
考查动词词义辨析。

句意：这些发现甚至可能影响未来的NSIDC模型:“这是一个非常好的数据集，”迈耶说。

“而且我们肯定会考虑的。

”A. reverse逆转；B. resemble像；
C. influence影响；
D. motivate激发兴趣。

根据“And certainly one we'll take under
consideration．”可推测，废弃项圈的数据对NSIDC可能会产生影响。

故选C项。

四、阅读选择
Each year, backed up by a growing anti-consumerist movement, people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.
Driven by concerns about resource exhaustion, over recent years environmentalists have increasingly turned their sights on our “consumer culture”. Groups such as The Story of Stuff and Buy Nothing New Day are growing as a movement that increasingly blames all our ills on our desire to shop.
We clearly have a growing resource problem. The produces we make, buy, and use are often linked to the destruction of our waterways, biodiversity, climate and the land on which millions of people live. But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic problem.
While we complain about environmental destruction over Christmas, environmentalists often forget what the holiday season actually means for many people. For most, Christmas isn’t an add-on to an already heavy shopping year. In fact, it is likely the only time of year many have the opportunity to spend on friends and family, or even just to buy the necessities needed for modern life.
This is particularly, true for Boxing Day, often the target of the strongest derision(嘲弄) by anti-consumerists. While we may laugh at the queues in front of the shops, for many, those sales provide the one chance to buy items they’ve needed all year. As Leigh Phillips argues, “this is one of the few times of the year that people can even hope to afford such ‘luxuries’, the Christmas presents th eir kids are asking for, or just an applian ce that works.”
Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?
Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems. It is no wonder one is changing their behaviours—or that environmental destruction continues without any reduction in intensity.
46．It is indicated in the 1st paragraph that during the holiday season, many consumers . A．ignore resource problems
B．are fascinated with presents
C．are encouraged to spend less
D．show great interest in the movement.
47．It can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3 that the environmentalist movement . A．has targeted the wrong persons
B．has achieved its intended purposes
C．has taken environment-friendly measures
D．has benefited both consumers and producers
48．The example of Roman Abramovich is used to show environmen talists’ . A．madness about life choices
B．discontent with rich lifestyle
C．ignorance about the real cause
D．disrespect for holiday shoppers
49．It can be concluded from the text that telling people not to shop at Christmas is . A．anything less than a responsibility B．nothing more than a bias C．indicative of environmental awareness D．unacceptable to ordinary people
【答案】
46．C
47．A
48．C
49．B
【分析】
本文是说明文。

文章介绍了反消费主义其实是富人对工人阶级的生活选择进行贬低的运动，而忽视了我们环境问题的真正原因，这丝毫不会让环境问题得到改善。

46．细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“people are using the holiday season to call on us all to shop less.”可知，每年人们都利用假期呼吁我们大家减少购物。

由此可知，在假期，消费者被鼓励少花钱。

故C项正确。

47．推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“But to blame these issues on Christmas shoppers is misguided, and puts us in the old trap of blaming individuals for what is a systematic
problem.”可知，但是，把这些问题归咎于圣诞购物者是被误导的，让我们陷入了把一个系统性问题归咎于个人的老陷阱。

由此可知，环境保护主义运动瞄准了错误的对象。

故A项正确。

48．推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?”可知，事实上，最富有的7%的人要为50%的温室气体排放负责，当你考虑到节日购物只是我们消费“问题”的一小部分时，这会变得特别有害。

为什么环保主义者攻击这些人，却无视俄罗斯亿万富翁阿布拉莫维奇这样的人？他拥有一艘价值15亿英镑、带有导弹防御系统的游艇，言外之意，造成环境问题的真正原因是那些亿万富翁，而不是普通民众的假日消费。

由此可知，阿布拉莫维奇的例子就是用来表明环保主义者对造成环境问题的真正原因的无知的。

故C项正确。

49．推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Anyway, anti-consumerism has become a movement of wealthy people talking down to the working class about their life choices, while ignoring the real cause of our environmental problems.”可知，不管怎样，反消费主义已经成为一场富人对工人阶级的生活选择进行贬低的运动，而忽视了我们环境问题的真正原因。

由此可知，告诉人们圣诞节不要购物不过是一种偏见。

故B项正确。

【点睛】
本篇第3题推理判断题的难度较大，抓住作者在举例时措辞的褒贬是关键，根据倒数第二段中的“Indeed, the richest 7% of people are responsible for 50% of greenhouse gas emissions. This becomes particularly harmful when you take into account that those shopping on Boxing Day are only a small part of our consumption “problem” anyway. Why are environmentalists attacking these individuals, while ignoring such people as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who has his own￡1.5bn yacht with a missile defence system?”可知，事实上，最富有的7%的人要为50%的温室气体排放负责，当你考虑到节日购物只是我们消费“问题”的一小部分时，这会变得特别有害，为什么环保主义者攻击这些人，却无视俄罗斯亿万富翁阿布拉莫维奇这样的人？他拥有一艘价值15亿英镑、带有导弹防御系统的游艇，言外之意，造成环境问题的真正原因是那些亿万富翁，而不是普通民众的假日消费，由此可知，阿布拉莫维奇的例子就是用来表明环保主义者
对造成环境问题的真正原因的无知的，故C项正确。

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