中学英语语法结构

状语：句中动作发生时的状态
找出下列句子中的状语语和充当状语的成分：
They secretly decided to leave the country. （副词） The helicopter hovered above us. （介词短语） She went out, slamming the door. （现在分词） Looked at politically, it is an important question. （过去分词） Jane was firm where she felt she was right. （状语从句） Sunday dawned beautiful and cloudless.（形容词）
复合句: 主句+从句 由两个以上句子组成, 其中只有一个主句 main clause; 其它都是从句sub-clause. This is what the teacher told us in class. He did what he promised to do. This place is quite different from what it was ten years ago. Whether he can be offered the position is still a question. I told him that everybody was waiting for him.
分析下列句子的句型。 The sun rises in the east. (主+谓) He gave me a gift. (主+谓+直宾+间宾) We elected him monitor. (主+谓+宾+宾补) He runs fast. (主+谓) We think the book easy. (主+谓+宾+宾补) We are living a happy life. (主+谓+宾) They walked 5 miles. (主+谓+宾) He bought me a book. (主+谓+直宾+间宾) He is a teacher.
(主 +系 +表 )
复合句分类: 名词性从句: 主语从句; 宾语从句; 表语从句;同位语从句
形容词性从句: 定语从句 副词性从句: 状语从句
分辨下列句子是简单句还是复合句 • What I want to emphasize is this. • Her letter was touching. • We treasure our cultural heritage. • She went out, slamming the door. • Jane was firm where she felt she was right right. • He look up at the rain pouring down.
并列句: 简单句+并列连词+简单句 并列连词: and; or; but; so; not only…but also; neither…nor…; either…or…; for; however; therefore; yet …….. I knocked at the door and he came to answer it. You must stop at the sign or you’ll be fined. He failed three times but finally he
The teacher always got angry with us because we were too naughty at that time. When evening came, we always took a walk side by side along the small river. He stood where the church used to be. The man who is coming our way is Sue’s husband.
主语：句中动作的执行者 找出下列句子中的主语和充当主语的成分： What I want to emphasize is this. （从句） To overcome selfishness is possible, though not so easy. （不定式） Going to movies is a popular pastime.（动名词） It was twilight (黎明) when we returned. （it表时间） It was then that I heard his steps.（强调句） There are millions of birds on the island. （名词）
英语句子之间的两种关系:
并列关系 复合关系
简单句: 主语+谓语 The sun has risen up high. I bought my daughter a lovely doll. He asked me to play a game of chess with him. I found the door wide open. The test paper turned red instead of blue. Sam, John, Susan, Jessie and I went to the party last night. I dressed up quickly, washed, grabbed a sandwich and hurried to work.
表语：表明主语的身份和特征 He is a new teacher. （身份，谁，什么） He looks handsome. （特征，怎么样） 系动词概念： 系动词分类： be （状态） feel, look, taste, smell, sound （感觉） grow, get, turn, become, go （变化） stay, remain （保持） seem, appear, continue, prove, turn out, come （其他）
1.What I want to emphasize is this. 2.Their first idea was that she had hidden it. 3.He did what he promised to do. 4.Whether he can be offered the position is still a question. 5.Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 6.I’m not interested in what he’s saying. 7. The question is whether he is able to do it along. 8. The suggestion that we discuss the plan again is a good one.
英语句子靠语言本身语法手段；汉语 句子靠句子内部逻辑联系。英语结构紧 凑严密；汉语结构简练明快。英语句子 好比一棵参天大树，一串葡萄，一串珍 珠；一树荔枝。汉语好比一根竹子，一 盘珠子，一江波涛。 陈安定
广州中山大学
从句 非谓语动词 主+谓（主句） 介词 名词 形容词
从句 非谓语动词 主+谓（主句） 介词 名词 形容词
复合句分类: 名词性从句: 主语从句; 宾语从句; 表语从句;同位语从句
形容词性从句: 定语从句 副词性从句: 状语从句
复合句中从句的结构:
连词+主语+谓语
名词性从句—主宾表同位 that; if (whether); when (what, why, how…) 形容词性从句—定语从句 which; that; who; whose; whom; when; where; why) 副词性从句—状语从句 when; where; as; since; though; even though; as if; in case that; in order that ……
定语：修饰名词和代词 找出下列句子中的定语和充当定语的成分： We treasure our cultural heritage(遗产).（形容词） Whose mobile phone is this? （代词） This paper is about 200 pages long. （数词） A winding path led to the lakeside. （现在分词） This summer we’ll launch a rocket designed by ourselves. （过去分词） She needed someone to take care of her baby.（不定式） Read the paragraph below. （副词） An old man with a walking stick was standing under the tree. （动名词）
中学英语语法体系
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
中学语法一览
词法：名、动、形、数、量、代、 副、介、连、助、冠 句法： 句子内部成分：主、谓、宾、表、 定、状、补 句子外部关系：并列句、复合句、 非谓语动词、介词
五个基本句型： S.+V. (主+谓) The airplane arrived here at four p.m.. S.+V.+S.C. (主+系+表) She became a teacher . S.+V.+O. (主+谓+宾) You’ ll find the movie theater. S.+V.+I.O.+D.O (主+谓+宾1+宾2) He sent me a book? S.+V.+O.+O.C. (主+谓+宾+宾补) She will make him a good husband.
He is not only a general but also a poet. He comes not only on Friday but also on Sunday. We not only wrote to her but also called on her. Not only did we write to her but also we called on her. Either he did not speak clearly or I did not hear it clearly.
补语：补充说明宾语 找出下列句子中的补语和充当补语的成分： The happy couple named the baby girl Alice. （名词） They painted the walls light green.（形容词） His words set me thinking. （现在分词） He look up at the rain pouring down. （现在分词） I should like to hear the song sung in Italian. （过去分词） His illness kept him in bed for a week. （介词） Remember to turn the light off. （副词）
找出下列句子中的表语和充当表语的成分： We all felt greatly encouraged by the achievements we have made this year. （过去分词） He proved a trustworthy friend. （名词） How he escaped remained a puzzle. （名词） Her letter was touching. （现在分词） Their pastime is playing chess.（动名词） We are out of touch with her. （介词短语） （从句） Their first idea was that she had hidden it.