时态详解：将来完成时

时态详解：将来完成时

一、将来完成的构成

将来完成时的构成方法是“will have +过去分词”。如：

Hopefully after three years at university I will have matured. 希望3年大学生活之后我能变成熟。

Only five short years later, your money will have grown by $94,000. 仅短短 5 年时间后，你的钱就会增多 94,000 美元。

He will have been heartened by the telephone opinion poll published yesterday. 他会为昨

天公布的电话民意调查结果感到鼓舞。

二、将来完成的用法

1. 表示“将来完成”

即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。如：

When we get there, she’ll have gone to work.我们到那里时她会已上班去了。

I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。

2. 表示“持续”

即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。如：

We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。

By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我就已经为该公司干了24年了。

3. 表示“推测

即表示根据某情况作出的推测。如：

That will hav e been Roland. He said he’d be back at 7.准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。

There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。

三、现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别

1.现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态；

2.过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态；

3.将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态。

请看例句：

He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。

He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样，在表示时间或者条件的状语从句，通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时，而不能直接使用将来完成时：

I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。

若不强调动作的完成(且不至于引起歧义)，有时也可用一般现在时：

I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。

四、将来完成通常搭配的状语

1. 用作状语的介词短语

There will have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前将肯定会有结果。

By next Christmas we’ll have b een here for eight years. 到下一个圣诞节，我们在这儿就住了整8年了。

By now you will have guessed that I’m back in Ireland. 你现在应该已经猜出我回到了爱尔兰了。

By the end of next week, I will have been a teacher for 25 years. 到下周末，我当老师就有25年了。

We’d better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so he’ll be able to enjoy himself. 我们最好还是等到12月14日。到那时大卫就考完试了，这样他就能够玩得痛快。

2. 用作状语的从句

If I don’t run, the train will have left.() 如果我不跑，火车就会开走了。

If he turns it down, he will have lost the moral high ground to the president. 如果他拒绝的话，就会把精神上的优势输给总裁。

If you finish this job as well, you will have done far more than I expected. 假如你将这项工作干完的话，那你会干得比我预料的要多了。

If there was any scandal in that company, you can be sure that Bobby will have clocked

it. 那家公司有任何丑闻，博比肯定会知道。

五、将来完成时典型考题（附详解）

1. By the time Jane gets home his aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting.

A. will leave

B. leaves

C. will have left

D. mind

分析：C。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，by加将来时间与将来完成时连用。又如：

By May I will have got a new car. 到5月我将已买到一辆新汽车。

The old currency will have been phased out by 2020. 旧币分阶段至2020年将全部禁止流通。

2. On her next birthday, Ann ______ married for twenty years.

A. is

B. has been

C. will be

D. will have been

分析：D。表示到将来某时（her next birthday）为止势必会完成的情况，英语要用将来完成时，故选D。又如：

Don’t worry. It’s a st orm in a teacup. Everyone will have forgotten about it by tomorrow. 别担心，这不过是茶杯里掀风浪，到明天大家就都把这事给忘了。

If they succeed on Europe, then they will have reshaped the political and economic map of the world. 如果他们在欧洲获得成功，他们将会改变世界政治和经济格局。

3.—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.

—I know. By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.

A. will have saved

B. will be saving

C. has saved

D. saves