超级细菌及其产生英文论文(有译文)

National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS)

Antibiotics kill or inhibit the growth of susceptible bacteria. Sometimes one of the bacteria survives because it has the ability to neutralize or evade the effect of the antibiotic; that one bacteria can then multiply and replace all the bacteria that were killed off. Exposure to antibiotics therefore provides selective pressure, which makes the surviving bacteria more likely to be resistant. In addition, bacteria that were at one time susceptible to an antibiotic can acquire resistance through mutation of their genetic material or by acquiring pieces of DNA that code for the resistance properties from other bacteria. The DNA that codes for resistance can be grouped in a single easily transferable package. This means that bacteria can become resistant to many antimicrobial agents because of the transfer of one piece of DNA.

抗生素杀死或抑制细菌生长的敏感。有时候生存的细菌之一，因为它有能力以消除或逃避抗生素的作用，这一个细菌可以繁殖并取代所有关闭的细菌被杀死。因此，提供接触抗生素的选择压力，使得幸存的细菌更容易产生抗药性。此

外，抗生素的细菌，是一次容易获得的材料可以通过突变的遗传性的，或通过收购该细菌的DNA片段从其他代码特性的阻力。该软件包中的DNA代码阻力可以转让被集中在一个单一的容易。这意味着可以成为抵抗细菌的DNA片之一，因为许多抗菌药物的转移。

This year 2010 marks another significant turn in the war against microbes. An August 11, 2010 report in The Lancet indicates that medicine has lost an important bacterial infectious disease battle and humans are at risk now more than ever. These new

antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria contain NDM 1 Beta Lantanas. This is no false alarm, nor minor claim – it is a very real, clear and present danger. The background of antibiotic resistance and The Lancet paper are overviewed and summarized here for important facts and details on these superbugs . The CDC also provides antimicrobic and antimicrobial insights.

这标志着2010年在对微生物的战争重大转机。一个2010

年8月11日柳叶刀的报告显示，该药物已失去了一个重要的细菌性传染病的斗争和人的风险现在比以往任何时候。

这些新的抗生素的抗药性肠道细菌含有新民主运动1β内酰胺酶。这不是危言耸听，也不小索赔 - 这是一个非常真实，清晰和现实的危险。本文背景的抗生素耐药性与柳叶刀的综述和总结这些在这里重要的事实和细节上超级。疾病控制中心还提供抗微生物和抗菌的见解。

Bacteria, Antibiotics and Resistance – Facts and Definitions

To better understand the issues involved with NAD 1 Beta lactamases here are some important terms and definitions:

•Bacteria (bacterium, sing.) – Single-celled, primitive cells with a simple nucleus without a membrane. Each bacterium contains about 1,000

genes

•Gram-positive Bacteria– bacteria which appear purple-blue when stained with the Gram stain (eg, Staphylococcus , Streptococcus , Clostridium ) •Gram-negative Bacteria– bacteria which stain red when Gram stained (eg, Escherichia ,

Enterobacter , Klebsiella , Pseudomonas )