专题11 构词法

(5) 形容词转化为副词 The bird can fly high. I’ll stay here long. 还有一些其它的转化情况，这里不再列举。
派生：后缀
前后缀的构词法在英语里出现得很多，现罗列初中教材中出现的一些构词法。 后缀 (1) 构成名词的后缀 -er performer reporter traveler owner writer (write) stranger (strange)
派生：前缀
(1) 构成反义词的前缀 dis- dislike disagree disappear disbelief disorder disadvantage
dishonest disabled im- impolite impossible in- inexpensive indirect inconvenient independent ir- irregular un- unlike unable unsafe unlucky uncertain uncomfortable unusual
discussion decision (deicide) -ation examination (examine) communication (communicate) celebration
(celebrate) education (educate) graduation (graduate) invitation (invite) preparation (prepare) inspiration (inspire) pronunciation (pronounce) -ing feeling reading building shopping opening crossing -ment government agreement development achievement excitement -ness kindness illness sadness politeness shyness happiness(happy) -ence difference (different) independence (independent) silence (silent) -y difficulty discovery
派生：后缀
其它构成名词的后缀： free — freedom warm — warmth safe — safety true — truth weigh — weight serve — service important — importance popular— popularity create — creativity child — childhood neighbor — neighborhood fiend — friendship press — pressure please — pleasure fail — failure house — housework school — schoolwork
合成
在合成词中，有的需要加连字号，如home-made；有的不加连字号， 如dance hall ; 有的甚至连写，如haircut。常见的合成词有： (1) 合成名词 合成名词数量最多，其中大多数由“名词 + 名词”构成, 如： alarm clock book case bus stop day-dreamer。 有些合成名词由“形容词 + 名词”构成, 如： central park fast food high school natural history。 有些合成名词由动词的ing形式和另一词构成, 如： swimming pool washing machine housewarming dry-cleaning。 还有些合成名词由其它方式构成, 如： get-together do-it-yourself passer-by
派生：后缀
(2) 构成形容词的后缀 -ed excited bored surprised interested tired relaxed worried disappointed
talented polluted closed -ing exciting boring surprising interesting tiring relaxing worrying
来自百度文库
派生：后缀
-able comfortable valuable (value） usable (use) reusable ( reuse) believable(believe) unbelievable
-al national professional musical traditional personal educational environmental accidental natural (nature ) central (centre/center )
派生：后缀
-man policeman chairman Englishman fireman -mate schoolmate roommate classmate teammate - ion action pollution suggestion protection invention expression
转化
英语里词性转化的现象很多，常见的现象有： (1) 动词转化为名词 Let me have a try. He is tall and of medium build.
(2) 名词转化为动词 I booked three movie tickets on the Internet last night. He handed the glass of beer to Grandpa.
manager (manage) winner (win) -or actor director visitor inventor -ist artist violinist tourist pianist (piano) scientist (science) -ian magician musician historian (history) Italian (Italy) Canadian (Canada) -an European (Europe) American Russian Asian African Indian Australian -ese Japanese Chinese (China)
专题11
构词法
中考新导引复习讲义
构词法
英语的主要构词法有三种： (1) 转化：由一个词类变为另一个词类。例如：
color 颜色（名）— color 涂色（动） (2) 派生：通过加前缀和后缀构成另一个词。例如：
kind — unkind (加前缀) kindness (加后缀) (3) 合成：由两个或更多的词构成一个词。例如： dining + room — dining-room
派生：后缀
其它构成形容词的后缀： gold — golden wood — wooden medicine — medical science — scientific history — historical fame — famous act — active create — creative friend— friendly danger — dangerous France — French England — English Britain —British
disappointing -ful hopeful helpful useful meaningful harmful truthful successful
wonderful painful colorful thankful beautiful (beauty) -less hopeless helpless useless meaningless harmless homeless -y rainy windy cloudy sunny (sun) dirty salty sleepy healthy noisy (noise)
合成
(2) 合成形容词 合成形容词很多由过去分词或带-ed词尾的词构成, 如： man-made new-born kind-hearted left-handed grey-haired。 有些合成形容词词由动词的-ing形式和另一词构成, 如： hard-working, good-looking 还有些合成形容词由其它方式构成, 如： part-time second-hand world-famous drive-in out-door face-to-face ten-minute two-year-old 此外，还有合成动词(如air-dry ) 和合成副词 (如empty-handed)等。
unbelievable unhappy unfair unhealthy uncrowded unimportant unluckily unhappiness unfairness
派生：前缀
(2) 由re构成的前缀 由re构成的前缀表示“重新, 再次”的意思。例如： re- rewrite retell remarry rebuild reconsider recycle recall (3) 其它前缀 sleep — asleep wake — awake courage — encourage stairs — downstairs stairs — upstairs time — full-time national— international meter — kilometer summer — midsummer paper — newspaper card — postcard ground — underground known — well-known phone — telephone market — supermarket understanding — misunderstanding
-ern eastern southern western northern -an European (Europe) American Russian Asian African Indian Australian -ian Italian (Italy) Canadian (Canada) -ese Japanese Chinese (China)
派生：后缀
(3) 构成辅词的后缀 构成副词的后缀最常见的形式是加-ly。例如: -ly slowly differently wisely politely strangely completely beautifully carefully normally wonderfully 但有些单词要把le变为ly, 或去e再加-ly。例如: simple — simply comfortable—comfortably possible — possibly true — truly 有些单词要把y变i, 再加-ly。例如: lucky — luckily happy — happily angry — angrily heavy — heavily easy — easily (4) 构成数词的后缀 -teen thirteen fourteen -ty thirty forty -th fifth twelfth sixtieth
(3) 形容词转化为动词 He slowed down at the crossroads. Please warm up the cold meat.
转化
(4) 形容词转化为名词 I enjoyed the quiet of the country. The temperature reached a new high.