成人学位英语复习资料

一、时态和语态
1. 如何解答时态问题
例1You’ve already missed too many classes this term. You ______ just last week.
A. missed
B. would miss
C. had missed
D. have missed
例2Anne asked Tom ______ the key.
A. when he left
B. where he had left
C. how he left
D. why did he left
考试重点
2. 与完成时
有关的时态
★现在完成时 (have done) since, for/ in the past few months, up to
now
例1Collecting
toy cars as a hobby becomes
increasingly
popular during
the past
fifty years.
A B C D
例2English ______ in a new way at my college in the past few years.
A. has been taught
B. was being taught
C. has been taught
D. had been taught.
★过去完成时 (had done)
例3Anne asked Tom ______ the key.
A. when he left
B. where he had left
C. how he left
D. why did he left
例4The chemistry class_____ for five minutes when we hurried there.
A. had been on
B. had begun
C. has been on
D. would began
★将来完成时 (will have done) by
例5We’re late I expect the film_____ by the time we get to the cinema.
A. had already started
B. have already
C. will already have started
D. have already been started.
★现在完成进行时 (have been doing)
例6It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A. had leaked
B. is leaking
C. leaked
D. has
been leaking
★过去完成进行时 (had been doing)
★将来完成进行时(will have been doing )
例7By the time you arrive this evening, _______for two hours.
A. I will study
B. I will have been studied
C. I had studied
D. I will have been studying.
3. 在时间和条件状语从句中不用将来时态
▲用一般现在时代替一般将来时
例1When the mixture_____, it will give off a powerful force.
A. will heat
B. will be heated
C. is heated
D. has
例2please be sure to telephone me the next time you ______.
A. will come
B. would come
C. shall come
D. come
▲用现在完成时代替将来完成时
例3Smith is to study medicine as soon as he_______ military service.
A. will finish
B. has finished
C. finish
D.
would finish
注意
例4No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until
he or she______ them.
A. tries
B. will try
C. are trying
D. have tried
4. 考试小窍门
◆考试中如果遇到与完成时态相关的选项要重点加以研读一般说来是正确答案。

二、情态动词
1. 几个情态动词的否定式的含义
may not
mustn’t
need’t
2. 表示推测的几个情态动词用法
★must表示肯定的推测意思是“一定”
+do 对现在情况的推测
must
+have done 对过去情况的推测
例1I ________ asleep in the corner, for I remember nothing of what happened during the night
A. might fall
B. must fall
C. must have fallen
D. can have fallen
★ can’t/could’t表示否定的推测意思是“不可能”
+do 对现在情况的推测
can’t/couldn’t
+have done 对过去情况的推测
★ may/might not表示可能性很小的推测意思是“也许”
+do 对现在情况的推测
may/might
+have done 对过去情况的推测
3. 情态动词的完成时虚拟语气的用法
needn’t have done
should have done
should not have done
ought to have done
could have done
4. 考试小窍门
在遇到情态动词加完成时和情态动词加原形同时出现的情况下一般说来情态动词加完成时是正确答案。

× Must do
√ Must have done
三、虚拟语气
考试重点
1. 条件句中的虚拟语气
例I would ask George to lend us the money if I ______ him.
A. had known
B. have known
C. knew
D. would
know
例If a better material ______, the strength of the part would have been increased.
A. had been used
B. had been using
C. being used
D. using
条件句中的虚拟语气需要注意以下三点
如果条件句中有were, had, should时可以把if省略然后把这三个单词
提前形成倒装。

例3_____ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.
A. If he took
B. if he should take
C. Were he to take
D. Had he taken
含蓄条件句中虚拟语气的应用
三级考试中经常出现的三个句型
But for/without
, otherwise/or
, but/though.
例But for your help, I _____ the work in time.
A. did not finish
B. could not finish
A. will not finish D. would not have finished
例Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.
A. is
B. will be
C. would have been
D. would
be
例He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he_____ to the meeting.
A. would have come
B. would come
C. could come
D. had
come
例We would have made a lot of money, but we
halfway
A. gave up
B. had given up give up D. were to
give up
错综时间条件句
例If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.
2. (should )+动词原形在某些从句中的应用
(1)当宾语从句从的谓语是suggest, request, insist, desire , demand, propose, order, command, arrange等动词时,如:
例I suggested that we should go there on foot.
注意:当insist表示坚持认为之意时, 不用虚拟语气,用陈述语气. 如:
例The man insisted that he had never stolen the money
( 2) It is ordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/ 等后的主语从句中
例It is desired that we should get everything ready tonight
( 3) advice, idea, order, plan, demand, proposal, suggestion, request
等名词之后的表语从句和同位语从句中.如:
例My suggestion is that we should hold a meeting this evening
3. wish后的宾与从句中应当用虚拟语气
4. if only 引导的感叹句中
5. as if/as though引导的状语从句中
6. would rather后的句子的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式
7. it is (high) time that .句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式
四、非谓语动词
1. 不定式
不定式的逻辑主语
例The road is wild enough for cars to pass by.
例It is important for you to work hard.
例It is kind of you to help me.
不定式的时态和语态
例The magnificent museum is said _____ about a hundred years ago.
A. to be built
B. to have been built
C. to have built
D. to have being built
使用不带to的不定式
1)why not do表示委婉的建议
例Why not_____Professor Li for help He is kind-hearted and willing to help.
A. ask
B. you ask
C. to ask
D. your asking
2)使役动词have, make, let的后面接不定式做宾语补足语时用省to的不定式。

例The teacher has the students _____ a composition every other week.
A. to write
B. written
C. writing
D. write
例While he was climbing the high mountain, he had his leg_____
A. broke
B. break
C. broken
D. breaking
例There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make
himself_____
A. hearing
B. being told
C. to hear
D. heard
3)表示生理感觉的动词如see, watch, notice, observe, hear后面接不定式做
宾语补足语时用省to的不定式。

例With tears on her face, the old lady watched the little boy_____ to a hospital.
A. send
B. to be sent
C. being sent
D. sending
4)do something but/except do
例There is nothing we can do _____ wait.
A. but
B. rather than
C. in spite of C.
besides.
5)记住下列不带to的短语
can’t but
can’t help but
had better
2. 动名词
1. 有些动词后面既可以接动名词又可以接不定式但意思有差异remember
forget
regret
stop
go on
mean
2. 后面跟动名词的固定句式
have trouble/problems/difficult doing something feel like
spend/wastedoing something
can’t help
need/deserve/want
be worth
what about/how about
3. 分词
分词作表语
独立主格结构
例1During the discussion
, Mr Boyd remained
silent when
asking
his
opinion.
A B C D
例2Your experiment reports must be checked with care before_______ A. handed them in B. them handing in C. being handed in D. handing them in
例_______ in the air fuels give off heat.
A. T burn
B. Burned
C. T be burned
D. Being burned
五、状语从句
赵文通
考试重点
1时间状语从句
★ while/
when/
as/
until
★一就
no soonerthan/ hardlywhen/ scarcelywhen
★ the moment
the minute
the instant
★固定句型
It is/has been .since 1. 原因状语从句
now that
in that
2. 条件状语从句
unless
as long as
provided that
3. 让步状语从句
as
though
although
even if
even though
while
whatever
六、平行结构
and, or, but
Prefer引出的平行结构
Prefer something to something
Prefer doing something to doing something
Prefer to do something rather than do something
Prefer的特殊用法
Prefer somebody to do something
: I prefer you to speak English in the class.
1、a number of, the number of
a number of +可数名词谓语用复数意为许多大量的
the number of +可数名词谓语用单数意为的数目
2、able, capable, competent
able为常用词指具有做某事所需的力量技巧知识与时间等搭配是
be able to do 。

如 A cat is able to see in the dark. 猫在黑
暗中能看见东西。

capable 指满足一般要求的能力搭配是be capable of +doing。

competent 指“胜任”“合格”或受过专业技术等训练的但不是超群
的能力。

如 A doctor should be competent to treat many diseases. 医生应该能治多种病。

3、above all after all at all; in all
above all意为“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”常位于句首或句中
作插入语起强调作用。

如
But above all tell me quickly what I have to do可首先快些告诉我该
做什么。

after all意为“毕竟”、“终究”、“终归”、“到底”在句中位置较灵活。

可位于句首、句中或句末。

如After all your birthday is only two weeks away毕竟两周后就是你
的生日。

He is after all a small child他毕竟还是个小孩子。

He failed after all他终于失败了。

at all用于否定句时意为“丝毫根本”用于疑问句时意为“究竟到底”
用于条件句时常译为“当真实在”。

用于肯定句中表示说话人的某种情绪
或情感如怀疑或惊奇等意为“竟然”等。

如
He doesn’t like you at all他根本不喜欢你。

Are you going to do it at all你究竟做不做这件事
If you do it at all do it well若你真要做这件事就得做好。

I was surprised at his coming at all他竟然来了我很惊讶。

in all意为“总共”既可放在句首也可放在句末。

如
There are 25,000 Inuit in all(In all, there are 25,000 Inuit) 这儿共有25,000因努伊特人。

4、aboard, abroad, board, broad
aboard 在船或飞机车上。

如I never went aboard a ship.
abroad 副词在国外或海外。

如He often goes abroad.
board 为动词上船飞机车。

如The passengers are boarding the plane now.
broad 为形容词宽广的。

如He has very broad shoulders.
5、accept, receive
accept 接受receive“接到”“收到”。

如I received an invitation yesterday, but I didn’t accept it. 昨天我收到了一个请柬但并没
有接受邀请。

6、accident, incident, event
accident事故。

如 a traffic accident 交通事故
incident“附带事件”在政治上特指引起国际争端或战争的事件事变。

event “事件”指特别重要的事件通常是由以前的努力而产生的结果
也指国家和社会的事件。

7-accurate, correct, exact, precise
accurate准确的精确的。

如Clocks in railway stations should be accurate.火车站的钟应该是准确的。

correct“正确的”指符合一定的标准或准则含有“无错误的”意味。

它
的反义词是incorrect, wrong.
exact“精确的”“恰好的”比“大体上正确”更进一步表“丝毫不差”。

它的反义词是inexact。

precise强调“精确”“精密”。

8、accuse, charge, sue
accuse 指责指控常与of 搭配。

如His bossaccused him of carelessness.
charge 常与with搭配。

如The police charged the driver with reckless driving.
sue 常与for 搭配。

如Smith sued his neighbor for damaging his house
9、acquire, require, inquire
acquire取得获得学到。

如acquire knowledge 获得知识
inquire打听询问。

如inquire a person’s name问一个人的姓名require需要。

如We require more help. 我们需要更多的帮助。

10、adopt, adapt
adopt 收养。

如Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. 他们自己没有孩子所以决定收养一
个小女孩。

采纳采用通过。

如He adopted our suggestion.
他采纳了我们的建议。

adopt与adapt词形相近后者的意思是“使适合”“改编”等。

11、advantage, benefit, profit
advantage 常指一种使某人处于比其他人相对有利的地位机会或时机。

如He had the advantage of good education. 受过良好的教育对他十
分有利。

profit 多指报偿或报偿性的收入。

如Did you make any profit last year 你去年赚钱了吗
benefit 指物质利益或精神方面的好处。

如I get no personal benefit from the business.我个人从这家企业中并不获益。

12、1affect, effect
affect影响动词。

如Smoking affects health.
effect效果影响名词。

如Government policy will not have any effect on us.
13、afford, provide, supply
都有“提供供给”的意思。

afford一般只用于抽象事物。

provide 和supply意思相同两个词都和with连用构成provide /supply somebody with something的结构。

14、ago, before
ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”常与一般过去时连用不可以单独使用。

before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”也可泛指以前常和完成时连用
可以单独使用。

例如I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。

He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过
这场电影。

15、agree on agree to agree with
agree on作“就取得一致意见”解。

例如
The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month
上月就建一座新汽车厂之事达成了协议。

agree to有两层含义和用法
其一是to作为动词不定式符号其后跟动词原形作“同意答应做某事”解。